Balance

Question 1

Define the central set

Answer 1

Readiness of the CNS for an upcoming event based on initial conditions, prior experiences and expectations

Question 2

Name the different systems controlling balance

Answer 2

Visual
Vestibular
Proprioceptive

Question 3

When the head moves in one direction, the eyes follow. True of False

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which reflex is used to stabilise the head position in relation to trunk?

Answer 4

Cervico-collic reflex

Question 5

Which reflex is used to stabilise the image on the retina when the head rotates?

Answer 5

Vestibule occular reflex

Question 6

Define sensory reweighting

Answer 6

Ability to reweight sensory information depending on the sensory context is important for maintaining stability when moving from one context to another

Question 7

In which situation the Base of Support is the smallest
A- On the tip of the toes
B- 4 legged position
C- Feet next to each other
D- Feet spread larger of hip

Answer 7

A- On the tip of the toes

Question 8

Which of the system is primarily involved when standing in an upright position?
A- Vestibular
B- Visual
C- Auditory
D- Proprioceptive

Answer 8

D- Proprioceptive

Question 9

What is the difference between vestibulo-collic and cervico-collic reflex?

Answer 9

Vestibulo-collic and cervico-collic reflexes closely interact together for the vestibular control of the head orientation in space
Vestibulo-collic stabilise the head position in relation to the gravity vector
Cervico-collic: stabilise head position in relation to trunk

Question 10

Which part of the vestibular system is specifically involved in the vestibulocollic reflex?

Answer 10

Semi-circular canals

Question 11

Which part of the visual system is involved in maintaining balance?

Answer 11

Retina

Question 12

Usually during sensory reweighting during movements, which system gets less involved?

Answer 12

Proprioceptive

Question 13

Which structure of the vestibular system detects horizontal linear accelaration?

Answer 13

Utricule

Question 14

Which structure of the vestibular system detects vertical accelaration?

Answer 14

Saccule

Question 15

Explain the vestibulocollic reflex

Answer 15

Signals detected by the semicircular canals are conveyed to neck motoneurons with the intervention of 1 interneuron on the vestibulocollic neuron (VN) and will evoke the vestibulocollic reflex (VCR)

Question 16

Which of the following is not a strategy to counteract a fall?
A- Hip strategy
B- Ankle strategy
C- Stepping strategy
D- Knee strategy

Answer 16

D- Knee strategy

Question 17

Which of the following is not correct for the ankle strategy?
A- The perturbation is fast
B- Muscles are recruited distal to proximal
C- The contact surface is firm and wide
D- Head is in phase with hip

Answer 17

A- The perturbation is fast

Question 18

Which of the following is not correct for the hip strategy?
A- The perturbation is fast
B- Muscles are recruited distal to proximal
C- Head is out of phase with hip
D- The contact surface is unstable

Answer 18

B- Muscles are recruited distal to proximal

Question 19

The reaching strategy is slower that the stepping strategy. True or False

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Which system is not a component controlling balance?
A- Visual
B- Auditory
C- Vestibular
D- Proprioceptive

Answer 20

B- Auditory

Question 21

The vestibulocollic reflex involves neck motoneurons and semicircular canals. True or False

Answer 21

True