Baker (2018) "Quiz Material"

Question 1

What is self-regulation?

Answer 1

the ability to volitionally plan and as necessary modulate one’s behavior to an adaptive end

Question 2

What questions does the Baker article intend to answer?

Answer 2

“How exactly does the way a child is parented influence their development of self-regulation and emotion regulation? Is there something parents should do to ensure optimal development?”

Question 3

What is emotional regulation?

Answer 3

the affective and motivational aspects of self-regulation

Question 4

What are “executive functions”?

Answer 4

“a set of higher order cognitive processes that underlie flexible goal-directed behaviors, like inhibitory control, working memory, planning, and attention shifting cognitive abilities.”

Question 5

What is “effortful control”?

Answer 5

the ability to inhibit or suppress a dominant response in order to perform a subdominant, less salient response, and to uncover errors.

Ex. Child needs to clean up toys without playing with them. They must use effortful control to ensure they focus on the task.

Question 6

In Baker (2018) what was found to support the development of child SR?

Answer 6

Supportive, and positive parenting

Question 7

What behaviors show to negatively impact the development of SR for children?

Answer 7

verbal aggression, rejection, negative controlling strategies (power-assertive limit- setting activities and coercive behavior).

Question 8

What is better self-regulation associated with in children?

Answer 8

fewer adjustment problems, increased school readiness and academic achievement, and overall social competence. It also predicts a wide range of indices of social competence and well-being in adolescence and adulthood p. 234

Question 9

What are some interventions for the promotion of self-regulation?

Answer 9

Computerized training, non-computerized games, aerobic exercise and sports,martial arts, yoga, mindfulness, school curricula, recognizing children’s emotional cues and respond supportively, guide children to express emotions in socially acceptable ways, use story time and play to support children’s expressive language, allow plenty of interactions with peers, use positive control, use scaffolding,provide routine/structure (box 3, 228)

Question 10

What is one example of attachment-based parenting program that has positive effects on children’s SR ?

Answer 10

“Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up” or “Tuning in to Kids”

Question 11

When does SR reach maturity?

Answer 11

mid-20s

Pg. 223 (Bridget,burt, edwards & Deater-Deckard)

Question 12

At what age do children start to be able to regulate emotions?

Answer 12

3 (pg. 223)

Question 13

By what age have most children developed self-control?

Answer 13

“24 months”(pg. 222

)

Question 14

Karreman et al. found no significant correlation between parental responsiveness and SR even though other studies found warmth and responsiveness as important determinants of SR. What does this suggest in terms of answering the articles intended question?

Answer 14

That the absence of critical parenting is the most important influence on children’s SR and not necessarily the “warm” or “responsive” behavior (pg. 227)

Question 15

What is a “key mechanism” in the intergenerational transmission of SR?

Answer 15

Parental Behavior

Question 16

Which comes first, parent influencing child’s SR or child’s behavior influencing parenting behavior which ultimately influences the child’s SR?

Answer 16

“It Depends” haha
For instance, the article mentions parental influence starting in the womb by mentioning prenatal stress (cortisol) levels influence SR. Overall, the article focuses on evidence supporting that parental behavior influences children’s SR in general. That being said, the article also acknowledges reciprocity in this relationship. Ex. Children who have a harsher temperament may influence the patience level of the parent, and ultimately their parenting behavior.

Ultimately, so many variables influence SR that the only conclusion we can draw is that parental behavior is most likely correlated (and possibly “causally linked” )to better SR in the child.

Question 17

What would be the best way to assist children in developing better SR?

Answer 17

Answers will vary, but because of the “pervasive role” that parents play in a child’s development, parenting programs to increase parents SR that incorporate children in the process may be one of the most suitable ways pg. 233

Question 18

Is SR influenced by nature or nuture ?

Answer 18

Both, but Baker argues that environment is of greater influence. p. 234