BAK - Principles of Flight (Taxi, Take-Off, Landing) Flashcards
Are nose-wheel type aircraft more prone to nose-over during taxiing in strong headwings or tailwinds?
tailwinds
What is meant be the phenomenon of ‘weather-cocking’ and when is is most likely to occur?
the tendency for the aircraft to yaw into-wind when a crosswind or strong tailwind is blowing
it most often occurs during taxi but can also pccur during take-off and landing runs
Which aircraft are more prone to aircraft roll-over - high-wing or low-wing aircraft?
high-wing aircraft - because of their higher CoG
Directional control during taxi is most often affected by strong crosswinds. What else is it also most affected by?
tailwinds
Why is brake effectiveness severely reduced if ‘wheelbarrowing’ occurs during the landing run?
because there is little to no load on the main wheels
What is the first corrective action a pilot should take if ‘wheelbarrowing’ occurs?
relax forward pressure on the control column to ‘unload’ the nosewheel
During an approach, does ground affect increase/decrease the lift and does the aircraft tend to balloon or sink?
Ground effect increases lift
The aircraft tends to balloon
On take-off, as an aircraft climbs out of ground effect, does the lift increase/decrease, does the drag increase/decrease, and will the aircraft sink or balloon?
Lift decreases
Drag increases
Aircraft tends to sink
If an aircraft on approach encounters an increasing headwind component, the airspeed will be increased and the rate of descent decreased. Will the result be to undershoot/ overshoot the desired glide slope?
Overshoot
On final approach, what would cause the aircraft’s IAS to suddenly decrease and the rate of descent to increase?
a sudden decrease in headwind component
What advantages are there of an into-wind approach and landing?
Steeper approach path (better visibility and obstacle clearance),
A lower (safe) touchdown speed,
Nil drift
Name advantages of taking-off into-wind?
Shorter take-off ground run,
Lower groundspeed at lift-off (rotation),
Nil drift,
Safer in terms of possible engine failure immediately after take-off
What would be the difference, in terms of take-off distance and climb rate required, between a departure from at airport at 3500ft AMSL on a hot day and a departure from an airport at sea level on a cool day?
Long take-off distance required and reduced rate of climb possible at the higher altitude airpport on a hot day
Is the take-off and landing distance required increased or decreased with a tailwind?
increased
Does a lower or higher temp imporve both take-off and climb (rate) performance?
lower temp
True or False - an uphill runway slope increases the take-off distance required but does not impact the take-off climb performance?
True
What effect does an increase in density height (decreas in atmospheric pressure) have on landing performance?
Increase landing distance required (LDR)
What effect will a headwind have on landing performance?
Shorten required landing distance (LDR)
What effect would a tailwind have on landing performance?
Lengthen required landing distance (LDR)
True or False - wind has no effect on climb performance but does effect the angle of climb (AoC)?
True
True or False - an uphill runway slope does not effect climb performance?
True
What is a change of wind speed and direction close to the ground referred as?
(Low level) Windshear
When a windshear only involves a change of speed with height, what is it referred as?
Wind gradient
At what height from the ground does ‘ground effect’ diminish and become negligible?
Approximately a wingspan length from the ground
What are the 4 different phenomena/factors which can contribute to a ‘swing’ or yaw to the left during take-off?
Propeller slipstream,
Propeller torque,
Gyroscopic effect, and
Assymetric blade effect
What is the intent of a ‘take-off safety speed?’
An airspeed that ensures the aircraft will remain controllable under all conditions in the take-off phase. It provides a sufficient ‘stall speed margin’ for possibilities such as a sudden and complete engine failure, or mod-severe turbulence during take-off whilst allowing fir an adequate rate of climb (RoC).
True or False - a decrease in gross weight will decrease the take-off distance required and vice versa?
True
True or False - a decrease in gross weight will increase the climb performance and vice versa?
True
Would a low QNH enhance or worsen climb performance?
Worsen - lower atmospheric pressure / increased density height
What is the acronym given for take-off safety speed?
V2
What can a take-off phase be described as?
Ground roll/ run,
Lift-off
‘Transition to limb’/ rotation
Why and how does an aircraft tend to turn into-wind on ground (weathercock) as opposed to away from wind?
The wind hits the vertical fin, rudder and fuselage which results in a yaw into crosswind
With a strong crosswind on take-off or approach, should you manipulate the control column into wind or out of wind to maintain alignment with the runway centreline?
Into-wind (crosswind)
