Baddaley

Question 1

What did baddeleys study aim to find out

Answer 1

• weather LTM was encoded acoustically [sound] or semantically [meaning]
  By showing a list of words that were similar in the way they sound or by their meaning and whichever ones confused the ltm by not being able to recall them was the way it was encoded

Question 2

How did the procedure go

Answer 2

• pps were split into 4 groups [ acoustically similar + dissimilar and semantically similar + dissimilar ]
• All were show a slide of 10 words for 3 seconds
• experienced interference task [shown 8 no. 3x then to recall previous words
  They did this 4x each with the same words but pps had to focus on memorising the order
  After 15 min break an unexpected 5th round was asked of them

Question 3

What did the results look like

Answer 3

AS groups seem to be confused at fist but then they catch up overtaking the control group
By the 5th trial the scores are the same as the 4th meaning no forgetting has occurred and the LTM has not gotten confused

SS word group perform the worst consistently - little forgetting happens but that is because the scores are low

Question 4

What was his conclusion

Answer 4

Concludes that the LTM encodes semantically and pays no attention to how words sound
It gets confused muddling up the words because of semantic similarities so it struggles to retrieve them

Slow start would have been because of the interference task

Question 5

What was the strength in terms of validity

Answer 5

• improved study through controls , did this through the interference task
• he kept the words on display around the room that way pps were only recalling the order
  This reduced anyone not being able to recall words because they were unfamiliar with them

Question 6

What was the advantage in terms of relatability

Answer 6

• it is a standardised procedure meaning that it can be replicated
  Baddeley replicated it himself 3x in order to improve each time

Question 7

What was the weakness in terms of ecological validity

Answer 7

• recalling lists of words is quite artificial [ unless shopping list] but its not regular to recall similar sounding words
  It’s unrealistic and doesn’t reflect anything you would do in the real world

Question 8

What is the weakness in generalisability

Answer 8

Overall sample was quite big but when spit there was about 15 people in each group
Also a volunteer sample which may consist of people who enjoy memory tests so its not representing the general public

Question 9

Conclusion; positive or negative

Answer 9

Positive

Question 10

Conclusion of the study

Answer 10

Big contribution to our understanding of memory
Was a basis for Tulvings later semantic LTM work