Bacteriology - Miscellaneous Bacteria Flashcards
Zoonoses (4) - Bugs From Your Pets
Brucella abortus, Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Pasteurella multocida
Undulating fever is caused by
Brucella abortus
Source of Brucella
Unpasteurized dairy products (Unpas=Undulating fever)
DOC for brucellosis (undulating fever)
Doxycycline + rifampin
Tularemia is caused by
Franciscella tularensis
DOC for tularemia
streptomycin or gentamicin
Transmission of tularemia
TICKS (Dermacentor - same with erlichosis), Aerosols, Contact, Ingestions
Most virulent bacteria
Yersinia pestis
small, gram negative rods with bipolar staining (safety pin) - 2 answers
Yersinia pestis and Pasteurella multocida
Yersinia pestis causes
plague - bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic
Transmission of yersinia
Flea bite/inhalation
Buttery colonies with musty odor due to indole production
pasteurella multocida
Reservoir of yersinia
wild rodents
resorvoir of pasteurella
cats and dogs
transmission of pasteurella
animal bites
DOC for pasteurella
Pen G
reservoir of francisella
rabbits, deers, rodents
DOC for yersinina
Streptomycin and tetracycline
TB: Prevents leukocycte migration
Cord Factor (most impt virulence factor of TB)
TB: subpleural granuloma
Ghon’s focus
TB: Ghon’s + LN
Ghon’s complex
TB: Radiologically detectable calcification
Ranke’s complex
TB: Reactivation focus
Simon’s Focus
(+) PPD for HIV, AIDS, old TB, immunocompromised
> 5mm
(+) PPD for HR population
> 10mm
(+) PPD for LR population
> 15mm
TB: Completed DOTS -> Declared NEG -> Positive again
Relapse
TB: Remained smear positive at the end or after tx
Failure
TB: tx was interrupted for 2 consecutive months
Defaulter
TB: Cat I - New smear positive
2HRZE + 4HR
TB: Cat II - Relapse, Failure, Defaulter
2HRZES & 1 HRZE; 5 HRE
TB: Cat III - New smear neg other than cat I, Less severe extrapulmonary TB
2HRZE + 4HR
Other use of BCG other than for dTB
Prevention of urinary bladder CA
TB: causes pulmonary disease in AIDS patient with CD4
Mycobacterium avium-Intracellulare Complex
DOC for MAI, MAC
Azithromycin
Fite Ferraco Staining is for…
Mycobacterium leprae (Nocardia - weakly staining also)
hypopigmented plaques, thickened superficial nerves, significant anesthesia
Tuberculoid leprosy
DOC for tuberculoid leprosy
Dapsone and rifampin
DOC for lepromatous leprosy
Dapsone, Rifampin, and clofazimine
DOC for erythema nodosum leprosum
Thalidomide
hard, nontender swelling with sinus tracts draining SULFUR GRANULES
Actinomyces israelli
DOC for actinomyces
Pen G + Drainage
Orange colonies
Nocardia asteroides
gram positive rods with aerial hyphae
Nocardia asteroides
Mycetomas
Nocardia asteroides
DOC for nocardia
TMP SMX + drainage
Smallest free living organism
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Autoantibodies against RED CELLS and BRAIN, LUNG, and LIVER cells
Cold Agglutinins of mycoplasma
Walking pneumonia (MCC of atypical pneumonia)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
MCC of infectious cause of SJS
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
DOC for mycoplasma
eryhthromycin or azithromycin
Causes Chancre
Treponema pallidum
Causes chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi (painful)
Condyloma lata, macupapular rash, fever, headache, malaise, anorexia, lymphadenopathy
secondary syphilis
Clinical spectrum of tertiary syphillis
Gummas, neurosyphillis, aortitis
Most important diagnostic test for primary syphilis
Dark field microscopy
Screening test for syphillis
RPR/VDRL
Confirmatory test for syphillis
FTA-ABS (Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption)
Snuffles, Mulberry molars, Hutchinson triad, saber shins, rhagades, Higoumenakis sign, clutton’s joints
Congenital syphilis
Hutchinson triad
Hutchinson teeth; deafness; keratitis
unilateral enlargement of sternoclavicular portion of the clavicle
Higoumenakis Sign
False positive VDRL results
V-D-R-L: Viruses, Drugs (marijuana), RF/Rheumatoid arthritis, Lupus/Leprosy
DOC for syphillis
Pen G
influenza like symptoms few hours after receiving pen g for tx of syphilis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
largest medically important bacteria
borrelia burgdorferi
Stain for Borrelia
Aniline dyes (Giemsa/Wright)
Cause of Lyme Disease
borrelia burgdorferi
Transmission of Lyme Disease
bite from deer ticks (Ixodes)
Spectrum of Lyme Disease
BAKE a LYME pie - Bell’s palsy, Arthritis, Kardiac (Myocarditis - AV Block), Erythema chronicum migrans
DOC for Lyme Disease (Borrelia)
Doxycycline (alternative: amox or cefuroxime)
Programmed Rearrangements =
Relapsing fever
Cause of relapsing fever
Borrelia recurrenttis
Diagnostic test for relapsing fever
microscopy
DOC for relapsing fever (B. Recurentis)
Tetracycline or eryhromycin
Transmission of relapsing fever
Human body louse (pediculus humanus)
Shepherd’s crook
leptospira interrogans
Gold standard for detection of leptospirosis
LeptoMAT (blood and CSF –> urine)
Most severe form of leptospirosis
Weil Syndrome
Triad of Weil Syndrome
Jaundice + Bleeding + Uremia
DOC for leptospirosis
Pen G
MCC cause of STI overall
Chlamydia trachomatis (Types D-K)
Chronic Keratoconjuctivitis progressing to scarring and blindness
Trachoma (C. trachomatis type A-C)
Stacato cough =
C. trachomatis neonatal pneumonia
Lymphogranuloma venereum
C. trachomats L1-L3
suppurative inguinal lymphadenitis
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Positive Frei test
Lymphogranuloma venereum (intradermal injection of antigen)
Associated with atherosclerosis, atypical pneumonia
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Psittacosis =
Chlamydia psittaci
bird fancier’s disease =
Psittacosis caused by C. psittaci
DOC for chlamydia
Azithromycin
DOC for chlamydia conjuctivitis
erythromycin
DOC for LG venereum
doxycycline
DOC for psittacosis
Azithromycin
Detects anti-rickettsial antibodies in a patient’s serum by agglutination of proteus organisms
Weil-Felix Test
Cause of rocky mountain spotted fever
Rickettsia rickettsii
Cause of Rickettsial pox
Rickettsia akari
Cause of epidemic typhus
Rickettsia prowazekii
Cause of endemic typhus
Rickettsia typhi
Cause of Scrub typhus
Orienttia tsutsumagushi
Cause of Q fever
Coxiella burnetti
Cause of ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Transmission of Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
Ticks (deer ticks - same with lyme disease)
Transmission of rickettsial pox
Mites (chiggers) - like scrub typhus
Transmission of epidemic typhus
Body Louse (like relapsing fever)
Transmission of Endemic typhus
Rat flea
Transmission of Scrub typhus
Mites (chiggers) - like rickettsial pox
Transmission of Q fever
NONE
Transmission of Ehrlichosis
Ticks (Dermacentor - like tularemia)
Manifestation of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
rash starts in the wRist, spreads centriPetally (“Rocky mountain sPotter fever”)
Manifestation of Typhus
rash starts in Trunk, spreads centriPHUgally (“TyPHUs”)
Diseases with Palm and Sole Rash
“C”oxsackievirus Type “A”, “R”ocky mountain spotted fever, “S”yphillis - you drive CARS using your palms and soles
Cat Scratch Disease
Bartonella henselae
DOC for cat scratch disease
doxycycline
DOC for ehrlichosis
doxycycline
Clue cells =
Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis =
Gardnerella vaginalis
Test for bacterial vaginosis
whiff test
DOC for bacterial vaginosis
metronidazole
DOC for chancroid
azithromycin or ceftriaxone
Pseudeoappendicitis (mesenteric adenitis)
Yersinia enterocolitica, self-limiting
Donovanosis =
Klebsiella granulomatis
Closed safety pins=
Donovan bodies (like yersinia)
Beefy red ulcer with velvety surface
Klebsiella granulomatis
DOC for klebsiella granulomatis
azithromycin