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Bacteriology Final Exam Material Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common clinical sign of Brucella melitensis infection?

A

Abortion

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1
Q

T/F: Arcobacter spp. will grow on MacConkey Agar at 37°C

A

True

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1
Q

T/F: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides (large colony variant), is reportable in the USA

A

False

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides (small colony variant), is reportable in the USA

Yes, that was a dick move, but it’s an important distinction

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2
Q

Syphilis in humans is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

Treponema pallidum

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3
Q

What is the most virulent Mycoplasma in cattle?

A

Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides

Causes contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

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3
Q

Which species of Mycoplasma do we commonly see in cats?

A

Mycoplasma felis

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4
Q

Which bacterial organism is responsible for Contagious agalactia of sheep and goats?

A

Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma putrefaciens

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4
Q

Which bacterial organism is responsible for Lyme Disease?

A

Borellia burgdorferi

**Transmitted by Ixodes ticks (usually Ixodes **scapularis)

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4
Q

Name the bacteria responsible for Johne’s Disease

(Cattle: Chronic wasting disease, normal appetite and temperature)

A

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

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5
Q

Which bacterial organism is responsible for Feline Infectious Anemia?

A

**Mycoplasma haemofelis **

*Mycoplasma haemofelis *is a hemotrophic mollicute; red blood cell parasite

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5
Q

A pig (named Chris P. Bacon) presents to your clinic in severe respiratory distress… You kill him. Upon necropsy, you observe focal areas of necrotizing pneumonia in the dorsal and caudal portions of the lungs. Which bacterial organism should you have at the top of your differential list?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

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6
Q

Which two factors are necessary for the virulence of Moraxella bovis in causing Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK)?

A

Cytotoxin and fimbriae

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6
Q

Atrophic Rhinitis in swine is mostly attributable to which toxin?

A

Dermonecrotic toxin

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6
Q

African Heartwater is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

**Ehrlichia ruminantium **

**Reportable disease**

Tick vector is Amblyomma spp.

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7
Q

**Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis **is also known as ____________ and is caused by which bacterial organism (primarily)?

A

Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis is also known as kennel cough and is caused (primarily) by Bordetella bronchiseptica

It may also be caused by canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus 1 & 2, canine herpesvirus, Canine distemper, Mycoplasma spp., and Reoviruses 1, 2, & 3.

But remembering all that sucks, so whatever

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8
Q

What is the most important bacterial organism involved with Mycoplasma mastitis?

A

Mycoplasma bovis

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9
Q

This vegetative endocarditis of the right atrioventricular valve of a heifer was caused by which bacterial organism?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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9
Q

Yersinia stable toxin (Yst) is unique to which spp of Yersinia?

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

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10
Q

Is it typical to see bloody diarrhea associated with Lawsonia intracellularis?

A

No, not usually

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11
Q

The acute form of African Heartwater is characterized by fever, followed by:

A

neurological signs

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11
Q

Regarding Bordetella, which exotoxin affects actin cytoskeleton of affected cells?

A

Dermonecrotic toxin

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12
Q

Which is more common after infection by Francisella tularensis:

Ulceroglandular tularemia or oculoglandular tularemia?

A

Ulceroglandular tularemia is the most common (~80% of cases)

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12
Q

Skin abscesses in horses associated with Glanders are referred to as:

A

Farcy

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12
Q

Which organism should be on the top of your differential list for shipping fever?

A

Mannhaemia haemolytica

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13
T/F: *Burkholderia mallei* are motile by flagella
**False** *Burkholderia **_pseudo_**mallei* are motile by flagella. This is a differentiating characteristic from the _non-motile_ *B. mallei*
13
**Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK)** is caused by which bacterial organism?
*Moraxella bovis*
14
What is the reservoir for *Leptospira *spp?
**Tubules of mammalian kidneys (especially rodents!)**
15
Which bacterial organism is responsible for **Swine Dysentery**?
***Brachyspira hyodysenteriae*** *B. hyodysenteriae* affects actively growing pigs (6-12 weeks old)
16
Which bacterial organism exhibits beta-hemolysis (**ring phenomenon**) on blood agar?
***Brachyspira*** spp. When you see a colony and you pick the colony out from that area and re-incubate that plate, the beta hemolysis will expand even more. This is characteristic of this organism
17
Which organism is responsible for **Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever**?
***Rickettsia rickettsii***
17
Regarding *Bordetella*, which exotoxin causes damage to ciliated epithelial cells?
**Tracheal cytotoxin**
18
Which form of *Chlamydia* is considered infective, but metabolically inert?
Elementary body (EB)
19
These necrotic target or donut shaped lesions in the fetal liver are considered pathognomonic for:
ovine *Campylobacter* infection | (*C. jejuni* or *C. fetus* ssp. *fetus*)
19
Bacterial organism responsible for **lumpy wool** in sheep?
***Dermatophilus congolensis***
19
*Rhodococcus equi* is a facultative intracellular pathogen of which cells?
macrophages
21
**Big Head of Rams** is caused by *which bacterial organism*?
***Clostridium novyi* Type A**
23
This cutaneous tuberculosis on the thumb of a veterinary surgeon was caused by which bacterial organism?
***Mycobacterium bovis***
24
Which species of *Pseudomonas* is considered to be of veterinary importance?
***Pseudomonas aeruginosa*** *P. aeruginosa *are Gram-negative, encapsulated obligate aerobic motile rods
26
Which bacteria is responsible for producing an emphysematous necrotizing myositis in cattle (**Black Leg**)?
***Clostridium chauvoei***
28
Melioidosis is a chronic nodular or purulent inflammatory disease that can affect any tissue. Which bacterial organism is responsible and what is the disease called in humans?
***Burkholderia pseudomallei*** is responsible **Whitmore's Disease** in humans \*\*The ammonia associated with Whitmore's Disease is referred to as the **Vietnamese Time Bomb**, and is still present in a number of veterans
30
What are the tick vectors for **Lyme Borreliosis**?
***Ixodes scapularis*** and ***Ixodes pacificus***
32
Which bacterial organism is known to express **Lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS)**?
***Histophilus somni***
33
*Ehrlichia canis* is usually transmitted by which tick?
***Rhipicephalus sanguineus***
35
T/F: *Mycoplasma haemofelis* causes significant disease in horses
**False** *Mycoplasma haemofelis* causes hemolytic anemia (Feline Infectious Anemia) in cats, but does not cause disease in horses
36
Which form of Chlamydia is considered metabolically active?
**Reticulate body**
37
Which organism is responsible for **pseudoglanders**?
***Burkholderia pseudomallei*** *Burkholderia pseudomallei* is a **saprophyte **(this is the difference from *B. mallei*)
38
Which species of *Mycoplasma* do we commonly see in horses?
***Mycoplasma felis***
40
Which bacterial organism is responsible for **Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia**?
***Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae *** *M. hyopneumoniae *is a chronic respiratory disease with high morbidity, low mortality. It is characterized by non-productive cough, unthrifty appearance, & decreased weight gain
41
Is *Pseudomonas* oxidase positive or oxidase negative?
*Pseudomonas* is **oxidase positive** \*\*This is different from enterics!
42
Which bacterial organism is responsible for **contagious equine metritis (CEM)**?
***Taylorella equigenitalis***
43
T/F: Stallions are especially suceptible to disease by *Taylorella equigenitalis*
**False** Stallions develop no sign of illness. They are carriers
43
What is the ideal specimen to collect for laboratory diagnosis of *Leptopira* spp (in a live animal)?
**Urine**
44
T/F: *Francisella tularensis* subsp. *tularensis* is considered a potential bioweapon
**True** *Francisella tularensis* subsp. *tularensis* is considered a potential bioweapon due to its extreme virulence, low infectious dose, ease of aerosol dissemination, and capacity to cause severe illness and death
45
Regarding *Bordetella*, which exotoxin causes damage to tracheal and bone cells?
**Osteotoxin**
46
Which two bacterial organisms produce **Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT)**?
*Helicobacter* and *Campylobacter*
47
Which animals are considered the most important reservoirs for *Brachyspira hyodysenteriae*?
**Asymptomatic carrier pigs**
48
*Bordetella *spp. are considered parasites of:
**ciliated respiratory epithelium**
49
Which bacterial organism is responsible for **Turkey Coryza**?
***Bordetella avium***
51
**Sleepy Foal Disease** is caused by which bacterial organism?
***Actinobacillus equuli *****subsp*****. equuli***
52
T/F: *Lawsonia intracellularis,* *Chlamydia suis, *and *Burkholderia pseudomallei *are all obligate intracellular organisms
**False** *Burkholderia pseudomallei* is a _facultative_ intracellular organism ***Lawsonia intracellularis* and *Chlamydia suis* are obligate intracellular organisms** (Rickettsia is also an obligate intracellular organism)
53
What is the official diagnostic test for *Burkholderia pseudomallei*?
**Complement-fixation test**
54
Which bacterial organism is responsible for **Fowl Spirochetosis**?
***Borrelia anserina***
56
T/F: *Chlamydophila* *psittaci* is a zoonotic spp.
**True** *Chlamydophila psittaci* causes Avian Chlamydiosis and can also infect humans
57
Which form of *Chlamydia* is the infective form?
**Elementary body (EB)** Just think of a bunch of elementary school kids running around with the cold and infecting everybody. Nasty.
58
Does *Yersinia ruckeri* cause disease in freshwater or saltwater fish?
Yersinia ruckeri causes **Enteric Redmouth** in TROUT Trout are **_freshwater fish_**
60
T/F: *Taylorella* spp. is characterized by abortion
**False.** *Taylorella* spp. infection is characterized by **failure to conceive**, but not abortion
60
Is the organism that causes **strawberry footrot** in sheep Gram-positive or Gram-negative?
***Dermatophilus congolensis*** is the organism responsible for strawberry footrot in sheep. It is **Gram-positive**!!
61
What is the **only** toxin produced by *Campylobacter* spp?
**Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT)** CDT causes apoptosis of host cells
62
**Circling Diseases** are caused by which bacterial organism? (Cattle: Encephalitis, depression, anorexia, unilateral facial paralysis, bilateral keratoconjunctivitis)
***Listeria***
64
**Fowl cholera** is a systemic infection acquired by ingestion/inhalation of *which bacterial species*?
***P. multocida* type A and F**
65
Which bacterial organism is responsible for **Glanders** in equids and others animals?
***Burkholderia mallei *** Also affects _felines_, dogs, goats, camels, sheep, and _humans_ **_Cats_** seem to be particularly susceptible
66
What is the significance of urease production by *Helicobacter* spp?
It lives in the stomach and is a gastric pathogen. Urease hydrolyzes urea to ammonium. **The ammonium neutralizes stomach acids.**
67
**Infectious Coryza** in poultry is caused by which bacterial organism?
***Avibacterium paragallinarum***
69
**Bovine Thrombotic Meningoencephalitis** is caused by which bacterial organism?
***Histophilus somni ***
70
Drug of choice for treatment of **Lyme Borreliosis**?
Doxycycline!
72
*Francisella tularensis* is transmitted primarily by:
**TICKS** *Dermacentor* and *Amblyomma* usually
74
Which bacterial organism is responsible for **Contagious caprine pleuropneumoniae**?
***Mycoplasma capricolum *subsp. *capripneumoniae*** This is similar to the condition seen in bovines
75
These small, Gram-negative curved rods with no spores in **gull-wing** formation are more than likely *which bacterial species*?
***Campylobacter***
76
Canine kennel cough is caused by *which bacterial organism*?
***Bordatella bronchiseptica***
77
Which species of *Campylobacter* are considered leading causes of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans?
***C. jejuni*** and ***C. coli*** Sources: uncooked/undercooked _chicken_, unpasteurized milk, contaminated water
78
T/F: The ability for *Francisella tularensis* to survive extracellularly is crucial in its pathogenesis
**FALSE** The ability for *Francisella tularensis* to survive **_intracellularly_** is crucial in its pathogenesis (after invading their eukaryotic target cell)
79
**Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)** is caused by which bacterial organism?
***Mycoplasma mycoides* ssp. *mycoides* ** This is the most virulent *Mycoplasma* in cattle and is REPORTABLE in the US
81
**Rabbit Syphilis** is caused by which bacterial organism?
***Treponema paraluiscuniculi***
82
Name the commensal diptheroid organism in preputial mucosa of boars that is responsible for a pathogenesis similar to bovine pyelonephritis
***Actinobaculum suis***
84
When *Moraxella* causes an eye infection, what is the proper terminology to use?
**Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK)**
85
What is the most common and most important bacterial cause of pyometra in dogs?
***E. coli***
86
Name the reportable disease in cattle caused by *Trueperella pyogenes*
**Summer mastitis**
87
T/F: Immunization against *Brucella* typically offers protection from abortion, but not from infection
**True**
88
T/F: *Actinomyces lignieresii* is responsible for Wooden Tongue in cattle
**False**. ***Actino**_bacillus_** lignieresii*** is responsible for Wooden Tongue in cattle Sometimes confused with actinomycosis, but actinomycosis is found in bone, and actinobacillosis affects soft tissues
89
Name the 5 toxins associated with the pathogenesis of *Bordetella*
1. ****_D_**ermonecrotic toxin** 2. ****_A_**denylyl cyclase toxin** 3. ****_T_**racheal cytotoxin** 4. ****_P_**ertussis toxin** (only active in *B. pertussis*) 5. ****_O_**steotoxin**
90
Which bacterial organism is known to cause Glässer’s diseases (polyserositis)
***Haemophilus parasuis***
92
How is ***Chlamydophila psittaci*** most typically transmitted to humans?
**Inhalation** via dried infective droppings, or secretions or dust from feathers It is also transmitted mouth-to-beak, direct contact (handling infected birds), & person-to-person (not proven)
93
Psittacosis is caused by which bacterial organism?
***Chlamydophila psittaci ***
94
Which bacterial organism is responsible for **fleece rot of sheeps**?
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
95
Which toxin is produced by all *Clostridium perfringens*?
**alpha toxin**
96
T/F: *Lawsonia intracellularis* can cause proliferative enteropathy on its own
**False** Interaction with unknown natural flora are required for this disease. Experimental inoculation of germ-free swine does not lead to disease
97
This microscopic presentation using a **Giemsa stain** is very characteristic of which organism?
***Dermatophilus congolensis***
98
An owner brings in his Basset Hound (Dermott) into the clinic for shaking his head. Dermott loves to swim. Upon further examination of the ears, you notice Gram-negative rods. Which two organisms should be at the top of your differential list?
***E. Coli*** and ***Pseudomonas***
99
What is the site of translation in a bacterial cell?
ribosomes
100
The Gram-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cell wall is mainly composed of peptidoglycan
The Gram-**positive** cell wall is mainly composed of peptidoglycan
101
Which feature distinguishes **bacteria** from **archaea**?
The cell walls of archaea *do not contain* **_peptidoglycan (murein)_!!!**
102
Which bacterial organism is responsible for **Greasy Pig Diseases**?
*Staphylococcus hyicus* Exfoliative toxin is the key virulence factor!
103
"Hey **thymine** you're so fine. You're so fine you blow my mind - hey thymine, hey, hey, hey thymine" is only something that you could say about: (DNA or RNA)
**DNA**
104
The slimy or mucoid appearance of a bacterial colony is usually evidence of capsule production. In the case of ***Bacillus anthracis***, the capsule is composed of:
**poly-D-glutamate**
105
What are the 4 phases of bacterial growth in order?
(1) lag, (2) log, (3) stationary, (4) decline
106
Name the genus associated with these classic "shoe-print" yeast cells
*Malassezia* spp.
107
What is the leading pus-forming bacteria in dogs?
*Staphylococcus **pseudointermedius***
108
I say "chinese letters," you say:
*Corynebacterium* or at least you ought to
109
Name the condition characterized by chronic abscessation of peripheral lymph nodes in sheep
**Caseous lymphadenitis**
110
This secondary abscess on the right hindlimb of an Arabian oryx is caused by an infection by:
*Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis* \*\*See case studies on eCollege\*\* (this big-ass abscess is also from *C. pseudotuberculosis*)
111
This hemorrhagic pneumonia found in a sled dog was caused by:
*Streptococcus equi* subsp. *zooepidemicus* \*\*See case studies on eCollege\*\*

RUSVM Bacteriology (4 decks)

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