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RUSVM Bacteriology > Bacteriology Final Exam Material > Flashcards

Bacteriology Final Exam Material Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common clinical sign of Brucella melitensis infection?

A

Abortion

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1
Q

T/F: Arcobacter spp. will grow on MacConkey Agar at 37°C

A

True

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1
Q

T/F: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides (large colony variant), is reportable in the USA

A

False

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides (small colony variant), is reportable in the USA

Yes, that was a dick move, but it’s an important distinction

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2
Q

Syphilis in humans is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

Treponema pallidum

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3
Q

What is the most virulent Mycoplasma in cattle?

A

Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides

Causes contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

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3
Q

Which species of Mycoplasma do we commonly see in cats?

A

Mycoplasma felis

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4
Q

Which bacterial organism is responsible for Contagious agalactia of sheep and goats?

A

Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma putrefaciens

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4
Q

Which bacterial organism is responsible for Lyme Disease?

A

Borellia burgdorferi

**Transmitted by Ixodes ticks (usually Ixodes **scapularis)

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4
Q

Name the bacteria responsible for Johne’s Disease

(Cattle: Chronic wasting disease, normal appetite and temperature)

A

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

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5
Q

Which bacterial organism is responsible for Feline Infectious Anemia?

A

**Mycoplasma haemofelis **

*Mycoplasma haemofelis *is a hemotrophic mollicute; red blood cell parasite

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5
Q

A pig (named Chris P. Bacon) presents to your clinic in severe respiratory distress… You kill him. Upon necropsy, you observe focal areas of necrotizing pneumonia in the dorsal and caudal portions of the lungs. Which bacterial organism should you have at the top of your differential list?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

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6
Q

Which two factors are necessary for the virulence of Moraxella bovis in causing Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK)?

A

Cytotoxin and fimbriae

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6
Q

Atrophic Rhinitis in swine is mostly attributable to which toxin?

A

Dermonecrotic toxin

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6
Q

African Heartwater is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

**Ehrlichia ruminantium **

**Reportable disease**

Tick vector is Amblyomma spp.

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7
Q

**Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis **is also known as ____________ and is caused by which bacterial organism (primarily)?

A

Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis is also known as kennel cough and is caused (primarily) by Bordetella bronchiseptica

It may also be caused by canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus 1 & 2, canine herpesvirus, Canine distemper, Mycoplasma spp., and Reoviruses 1, 2, & 3.

But remembering all that sucks, so whatever

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8
Q

What is the most important bacterial organism involved with Mycoplasma mastitis?

A

Mycoplasma bovis

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9
Q

This vegetative endocarditis of the right atrioventricular valve of a heifer was caused by which bacterial organism?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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9
Q

Yersinia stable toxin (Yst) is unique to which spp of Yersinia?

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

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10
Q

Is it typical to see bloody diarrhea associated with Lawsonia intracellularis?

A

No, not usually

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11
Q

The acute form of African Heartwater is characterized by fever, followed by:

A

neurological signs

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11
Q

Regarding Bordetella, which exotoxin affects actin cytoskeleton of affected cells?

A

Dermonecrotic toxin

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12
Q

Which is more common after infection by Francisella tularensis:

Ulceroglandular tularemia or oculoglandular tularemia?

A

Ulceroglandular tularemia is the most common (~80% of cases)

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12
Q

Skin abscesses in horses associated with Glanders are referred to as:

A

Farcy

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12
Q

Which organism should be on the top of your differential list for shipping fever?

A

Mannhaemia haemolytica

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13
Q

T/F: Burkholderia mallei are motile by flagella

A

False

Burkholderia _pseudo_mallei are motile by flagella. This is a differentiating characteristic from the non-motile B. mallei

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13
Q

Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

Moraxella bovis

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14
Q

What is the reservoir for *Leptospira *spp?

A

Tubules of mammalian kidneys (especially rodents!)

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15
Q

Which bacterial organism is responsible for Swine Dysentery?

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

B. hyodysenteriae affects actively growing pigs (6-12 weeks old)

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16
Q

Which bacterial organism exhibits beta-hemolysis (ring phenomenon) on blood agar?

A

Brachyspira spp.

When you see a colony and you pick the colony out from that area and re-incubate that plate, the beta hemolysis will expand even more. This is characteristic of this organism

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17
Q

Which organism is responsible for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

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17
Q

Regarding Bordetella, which exotoxin causes damage to ciliated epithelial cells?

A

Tracheal cytotoxin

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18
Q

Which form of Chlamydia is considered infective, but metabolically inert?

A

Elementary body (EB)

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19
Q

These necrotic target or donut shaped lesions in the fetal liver are considered pathognomonic for:

A

ovine Campylobacter infection

(C. jejuni or C. fetus ssp. fetus)

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19
Q

Bacterial organism responsible for lumpy wool in sheep?

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

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19
Q

Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular pathogen of which cells?

A

macrophages

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21
Q

Big Head of Rams is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

Clostridium novyi Type A

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23
Q

This cutaneous tuberculosis on the thumb of a veterinary surgeon was caused by which bacterial organism?

A

Mycobacterium bovis

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24
Q

Which species of Pseudomonas is considered to be of veterinary importance?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

*P. aeruginosa *are Gram-negative, encapsulated obligate aerobic motile rods

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26
Q

Which bacteria is responsible for producing an emphysematous necrotizing myositis in cattle (Black Leg)?

A

Clostridium chauvoei

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28
Q

Melioidosis is a chronic nodular or purulent inflammatory disease that can affect any tissue.

Which bacterial organism is responsible and what is the disease called in humans?

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei is responsible

Whitmore’s Disease in humans

**The ammonia associated with Whitmore’s Disease is referred to as the Vietnamese Time Bomb, and is still present in a number of veterans

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30
Q

What are the tick vectors for Lyme Borreliosis?

A

Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus

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32
Q

Which bacterial organism is known to express Lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS)?

A

Histophilus somni

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33
Q

Ehrlichia canis is usually transmitted by which tick?

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

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35
Q

T/F: Mycoplasma haemofelis causes significant disease in horses

A

False

Mycoplasma haemofelis causes hemolytic anemia (Feline Infectious Anemia) in cats, but does not cause disease in horses

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36
Q

Which form of Chlamydia is considered metabolically active?

A

Reticulate body

37
Q

Which organism is responsible for pseudoglanders?

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a **saprophyte **(this is the difference from B. mallei)

38
Q

Which species of Mycoplasma do we commonly see in horses?

A

Mycoplasma felis

40
Q

Which bacterial organism is responsible for Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia?

A

**Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae **

*M. hyopneumoniae *is a chronic respiratory disease with high morbidity, low mortality. It is characterized by non-productive cough, unthrifty appearance, & decreased weight gain

41
Q

Is Pseudomonas oxidase positive or oxidase negative?

A

Pseudomonas is oxidase positive

**This is different from enterics!

42
Q

Which bacterial organism is responsible for contagious equine metritis (CEM)?

A

Taylorella equigenitalis

43
Q

T/F: Stallions are especially suceptible to disease by Taylorella equigenitalis

A

False

Stallions develop no sign of illness. They are carriers

43
Q

What is the ideal specimen to collect for laboratory diagnosis of Leptopira spp (in a live animal)?

A

Urine

44
Q

T/F: Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis is considered a potential bioweapon

A

True

Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis is considered a potential bioweapon due to its extreme virulence, low infectious dose, ease of aerosol dissemination, and capacity to cause severe illness and death

45
Q

Regarding Bordetella, which exotoxin causes damage to tracheal and bone cells?

A

Osteotoxin

46
Q

Which two bacterial organisms produce Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT)?

A

Helicobacter and Campylobacter

47
Q

Which animals are considered the most important reservoirs for Brachyspira hyodysenteriae?

A

Asymptomatic carrier pigs

48
Q

*Bordetella *spp. are considered parasites of:

A

ciliated respiratory epithelium

49
Q

Which bacterial organism is responsible for Turkey Coryza?

A

Bordetella avium

51
Q

Sleepy Foal Disease is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

Actinobacillus equuli **subsp**. equuli

52
Q

T/F: Lawsonia intracellularis, *Chlamydia suis, *and *Burkholderia pseudomallei *are all obligate intracellular organisms

A

False

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular organism

Lawsonia intracellularis and Chlamydia suis are obligate intracellular organisms (Rickettsia is also an obligate intracellular organism)

53
Q

What is the official diagnostic test for Burkholderia pseudomallei?

A

Complement-fixation test

54
Q

Which bacterial organism is responsible for Fowl Spirochetosis?

A

Borrelia anserina

56
Q

T/F: Chlamydophila psittaci is a zoonotic spp.

A

True

Chlamydophila psittaci causes Avian Chlamydiosis and can also infect humans

57
Q

Which form of Chlamydia is the infective form?

A

Elementary body (EB)

Just think of a bunch of elementary school kids running around with the cold and infecting everybody. Nasty.

58
Q

Does Yersinia ruckeri cause disease in freshwater or saltwater fish?

A

Yersinia ruckeri causes Enteric Redmouth in TROUT

Trout are freshwater fish

60
Q

T/F: Taylorella spp. is characterized by abortion

A

False.

Taylorella spp. infection is characterized by failure to conceive, but not abortion

60
Q

Is the organism that causes strawberry footrot in sheep Gram-positive or Gram-negative?

A

Dermatophilus congolensis is the organism responsible for strawberry footrot in sheep.

It is Gram-positive!!

61
Q

What is the only toxin produced by Campylobacter spp?

A

Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT)

CDT causes apoptosis of host cells

62
Q

Circling Diseases are caused by which bacterial organism?

(Cattle: Encephalitis, depression, anorexia, unilateral facial paralysis, bilateral keratoconjunctivitis)

A

Listeria

64
Q

Fowl cholera is a systemic infection acquired by ingestion/inhalation of which bacterial species?

A

P. multocida type A and F

65
Q

Which bacterial organism is responsible for Glanders in equids and others animals?

A

**Burkholderia mallei **

Also affects felines, dogs, goats, camels, sheep, and humans

Cats seem to be particularly susceptible

66
Q

What is the significance of urease production by Helicobacter spp?

A

It lives in the stomach and is a gastric pathogen. Urease hydrolyzes urea to ammonium. The ammonium neutralizes stomach acids.

67
Q

Infectious Coryza in poultry is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

Avibacterium paragallinarum

69
Q

Bovine Thrombotic Meningoencephalitis is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

**Histophilus somni **

70
Q

Drug of choice for treatment of Lyme Borreliosis?

A

Doxycycline!

72
Q

Francisella tularensis is transmitted primarily by:

A

TICKS

Dermacentor and Amblyomma usually

74
Q

Which bacterial organism is responsible for Contagious caprine pleuropneumoniae?

A

*Mycoplasma capricolum *subsp. capripneumoniae

This is similar to the condition seen in bovines

75
Q

These small, Gram-negative curved rods with no spores in gull-wing formation are more than likely which bacterial species?

A

Campylobacter

76
Q

Canine kennel cough is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

Bordatella bronchiseptica

77
Q

Which species of Campylobacter are considered leading causes of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans?

A

C. jejuni and C. coli

Sources: uncooked/undercooked chicken, unpasteurized milk, contaminated water

78
Q

T/F: The ability for Francisella tularensis to survive extracellularly is crucial in its pathogenesis

A

FALSE

The ability for Francisella tularensis to survive intracellularly is crucial in its pathogenesis (after invading their eukaryotic target cell)

79
Q

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

**Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides **

This is the most virulent Mycoplasma in cattle and is REPORTABLE in the US

81
Q

Rabbit Syphilis is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

Treponema paraluiscuniculi

82
Q

Name the commensal diptheroid organism in preputial mucosa of boars that is responsible for a pathogenesis similar to bovine pyelonephritis

A

Actinobaculum suis

84
Q

When Moraxella causes an eye infection, what is the proper terminology to use?

A

Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK)

85
Q

What is the most common and most important bacterial cause of pyometra in dogs?

A

E. coli

86
Q

Name the reportable disease in cattle caused by Trueperella pyogenes

A

Summer mastitis

87
Q

T/F: Immunization against Brucella typically offers protection from abortion, but not from infection

A

True

88
Q

T/F: Actinomyces lignieresii is responsible for Wooden Tongue in cattle

A

False.

Actino**bacillus** lignieresii is responsible for Wooden Tongue in cattle

Sometimes confused with actinomycosis, but actinomycosis is found in bone, and actinobacillosis affects soft tissues

89
Q

Name the 5 toxins associated with the pathogenesis of Bordetella

A
  1. Dermonecrotic toxin
  2. Adenylyl cyclase toxin
  3. Tracheal cytotoxin
  4. Pertussis toxin (only active in B. pertussis)
  5. Osteotoxin
90
Q

Which bacterial organism is known to cause Glässer’s diseases (polyserositis)

A

Haemophilus parasuis

92
Q

How is Chlamydophila psittaci most typically transmitted to humans?

A

Inhalation via dried infective droppings, or secretions or dust from feathers

It is also transmitted mouth-to-beak, direct contact (handling infected birds), & person-to-person (not proven)

93
Q

Psittacosis is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

**Chlamydophila psittaci **

94
Q

Which bacterial organism is responsible for fleece rot of sheeps?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

95
Q

Which toxin is produced by all Clostridium perfringens?

A

alpha toxin

96
Q

T/F: Lawsonia intracellularis can cause proliferative enteropathy on its own

A

False

Interaction with unknown natural flora are required for this disease. Experimental inoculation of germ-free swine does not lead to disease

97
Q

This microscopic presentation using a Giemsa stain is very characteristic of which organism?

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

98
Q

An owner brings in his Basset Hound (Dermott) into the clinic for shaking his head. Dermott loves to swim. Upon further examination of the ears, you notice Gram-negative rods. Which two organisms should be at the top of your differential list?

A

E. Coli and Pseudomonas

99
Q

What is the site of translation in a bacterial cell?

A

ribosomes

100
Q

The Gram-__________ cell wall is mainly composed of peptidoglycan

A

The Gram-positive cell wall is mainly composed of peptidoglycan

101
Q

Which feature distinguishes bacteria from archaea?

A

The cell walls of archaea do not contain peptidoglycan (murein)!!!

102
Q

Which bacterial organism is responsible for Greasy Pig Diseases?

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

Exfoliative toxin is the key virulence factor!

103
Q

“Hey thymine you’re so fine. You’re so fine you blow my mind - hey thymine, hey, hey, hey thymine” is only something that you could say about:

(DNA or RNA)

A

DNA

104
Q

The slimy or mucoid appearance of a bacterial colony is usually evidence of capsule production.

In the case of Bacillus anthracis, the capsule is composed of:

A

poly-D-glutamate

105
Q

What are the 4 phases of bacterial growth in order?

A

(1) lag, (2) log, (3) stationary, (4) decline

106
Q

Name the genus associated with these classic “shoe-print” yeast cells

A

Malassezia spp.

107
Q

What is the leading pus-forming bacteria in dogs?

A

Staphylococcus pseudointermedius

108
Q

I say “chinese letters,” you say:

A

Corynebacterium

or at least you ought to

109
Q

Name the condition characterized by chronic abscessation of peripheral lymph nodes in sheep

A

Caseous lymphadenitis

110
Q

This secondary abscess on the right hindlimb of an Arabian oryx is caused by an infection by:

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

**See case studies on eCollege**

(this big-ass abscess is also from C. pseudotuberculosis)

111
Q

This hemorrhagic pneumonia found in a sled dog was caused by:

A

Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus

**See case studies on eCollege**

RUSVM Bacteriology (4 decks)

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