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RUSVM Bacteriology > Bacteriology Exam 2 Material > Flashcards

Bacteriology Exam 2 Material Flashcards

1
Q

What genus most closely fits the description “large Gram-positive rods, spore forming, anaerobic, causes several life- threatening diseases of animals and man, commonly by the production of powerful exotoxins”?

  • a. Actinomyces
  • b. Arcanobacterium
  • c. Bacillus
  • d. Clostridium
  • e. Corynebacterium
A

d. Clostridium

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1
Q

T/F: In order to produce enterotoxigenic diarrhea, E. coli must have either adhesins or enterotoxins

A

False.

In order to produce enterotoxigenic diarrhea, E. coli must have BOTH adhesins AND enterotoxins​

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2
Q

What is the classic source of infection for Listeria?

A

contaminated silages

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2
Q

A pig (named Chris P. Bacon) presents to your clinic in severe respiratory distress… You kill him. Upon necropsy, you observe focal areas of necrotizing pneumonia in the dorsal and caudal portions of the lungs. Which bacterial organism should you have at the top of your differential list?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

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4
Q

Lethal toxin, produced by Bacillus antracis, is composed of __________ and __________.

A

Lethal toxin, produced by Bacillus antracis​, is composed of protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF).

PA is responsible for binding to host cells

LF is responsible for toxic activity (macrophages)

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4
Q

Which bacterial organism is known to cause Glässer’s diseases (polyserositis)

A

Haemophilus parasuis

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5
Q

T/F: All *Actinobacillus *spp. grow on MacConkey agar

A

False

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae does not grow on MacConkey agar

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6
Q

This vegetative endocarditis of the right atrioventricular valve of a heifer was caused by which bacterial organism?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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6
Q

Which two organisms that we’ve discussed show **bipolar staining coccobacilli **upon Gram stain?

A

*Pasteurella *and Yersinia

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7
Q

Which *Mycobacterium *spp grows at a higher temperature than the others? (~43°C)

A

Mycobacterium avium

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8
Q

T/F: Rhodococcus spp. contain mycolic acid

A

True

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9
Q

T/F: Animals who survive ascending tetanus acquire immunity from the disease

A

False.

Survivors are susceptible to re-infection; Not enough toxin present to induce a strong immune-response (neutralizing antibodies)

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9
Q

What is the most common and most important bacterial cause of pyometra in dogs?

A

E. coli

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9
Q

Which bacterial organism is known to express Lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS)?

A

Histophilus somni

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9
Q

Does Yersinia ruckeri cause disease in freshwater or saltwater fish?

A

Yersinia ruckeri causes Enteric Redmouth in TROUT

Trout are freshwater fish

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9
Q

Bovine Thrombotic Meningoencephalitis is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

Histophilus somni

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10
Q

What is the main virulence factor for Listeria?

A

Listeriolysin O (LLO)

It is a pore-forming cytolysin

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11
Q

T/F: Necropsy of animals suspected of carrying anthrax is required.

A

False.

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11
Q

T/F: Adhesins associated with Clostridium difficile function in adhesion to target cells in the small intestine

A

False.

Adhesion to target cells in the large intestine

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12
Q

Which Salmonella Pathogenicity Island (SPI) promotes survival in macrophages?

A

Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI-2)

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13
Q

When a blood smear containing Bacillus anthracis is stained with McFadyean’s Methylene Blue stain, what color do the bacterial capsules stain?

A

pink

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14
Q

How are humans infected with P. multocida?

A

Wound infection (bites and scratches)

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15
Q

Circling Disease

(Cattle: Encephalitis, depression, anorexia, unilateral facial paralysis, bilateral keratoconjunctivitis)

A

Listeria

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16
Q

**Attaching and effacing lesions **are hallmarks of which disease(s)?

A

Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli

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16
Q

T/F: Shigella is characterized by the presence of a capsule and flagella

A

Hell no.

No capsule, no flagella

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16
Q

Listeria spp. are motile at what temperature?

A

25°C

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17
Q

T/F: Yersinia pestis is usually more prevalent in colder months

A

False

*Y. pestis *is more prevalent during warmer months

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18
Q

T/F: *Mannhaemia, Bibersteinia, *and Pasteurella all exhibit growth on MacConkey Agar

A

False

*Pasteurella *typically does not grow on MacConkey

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19
Q

All except one of the following virulence determinants can occur in Gram-positive bacteria. Which is the exception?

  • a. capsule
  • b. endotoxin
  • c. exotoxin
  • d. hyaluronidase
  • e. survival in phagocytes
A

b. endotoxin

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20
Q

Is the organism that causes strawberry footrot in sheep Gram-positive or Gram-negative?

A

*Dermatophilus congolensis *is the organism responsible for strawberry footrot** **in sheep.

It is Gram-positive!!

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21
Q

Which viral infection is typical to be seen concurrent to Shipping Fever?

A

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)

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23
Q

T/F: Rhodococcus equi can cause pneumonia in immunocompromised humans

A

True

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24
Q

This cutaneous tuberculosis on the thumb of a veterinary surgeon was caused by which bacterial organism?

A

Mycobacterium bovis

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24
Q

Death associated with botulism is usually a result of:

A

respiratory failure

botulism neurotoxin (BoNT) affecting respiratory muscles, resulting in flaccid paralysis and inability to breathe

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25
Q

In an outbreak of Swine Erysipelas any or all of the following clinical manifestations may be seen, except:

  • acute septicemia
  • chronic arthritis
  • urticaria (diamond skin)
  • meningitis (circling)
  • vegetative endocarditis
A

meningitis (circling)

Circling diseases are caused by Listeria

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26
Q

T/F: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is usually more prevalent in colder months

A

True

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26
Q

Which bacterial organism(s) that we’ve discussed exhibit(s) satellitism on blood agar?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Haemophilus parasuis

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26
Q

T/F: Avibacterium paragallinarum, Haemophilus parasuis, H. influenzae, and Histophilus somni all produce a capsule

A

False

*Histophilus somni *does not produce a capsule

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28
Q

When a blood smear containing Bacillus anthracis is stained with McFadyean’s methylene blue stain, what color do the bacterial capsules stain?

A

pink

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29
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is most commonly seen in what species?

A

Swine

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29
Q

Which animal is exceptionally susceptible to Listeria septicemia?

A

Chinchillas

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30
Q

Regarding Salmonella in human food products: Which serotype are we likely to find in poultry meat/eggs?

A

Enteritidis

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31
Q

What is the most likely natural habitat for Listeria?

A

decomposing plant matter

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31
Q

What is the action of Yersinia murine toxin (Ymt) in the midgut of the flea?

A

Ymt enhances bacterial colonization in the midgut of the flea and acts as protection from digestive enzymes

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32
Q

Which Salmonella Pathogenicity Island (SPI) is responsible for forming a Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) after lysosomal fusion?

A

Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI-2)

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34
Q

Name the commensal diptheroid organism in preputial mucosa of boars that is responsible for a pathogenesis similar to bovine pyelonephritis

A

Actinobaculum suis

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35
Q

Which Salmonella Pathogenicity Island (SPI) is responsible for the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from enterocytes and macrophages? What are those respective pro-inflammatory cytokines?

A

Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI-1)

Enterocytes: IL-8

Macrophages: IL-1β and IL-18

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36
Q

Which Yersinia spp. is endemic in Western North America, southern Asia, southern and western Africa, and north-central South America?

A

Yersinia pestis

usually in warmer months

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37
Q

Leukotoxin is found in which bacterial organism(s)?

A

Mannheimia spp. and Bibersteinia trehalosi

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38
Q

What is the leading cause of wound infections of farm animals?

A

Clostridium septicum

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39
Q

Swollen snood in turkeys is pathognomonic for which bacteria?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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40
Q

Lethal toxin (LeTx) and edema toxin (EdTx), produced by Bacillus anthracis, are both under control of which regulatory protein?

A

Anthrax toxin Activator (AtxA)

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42
Q

Name the reportable disease in cattle caused by Trueperella pyogenes

A

Summer mastitis

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43
Q

Atrophic Rhinitis in Swine is caused by which bacterial organism(s)?

A

P. multocida capsule type D or Bordetella bronchiseptica

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44
Q

Sleepy Foal Disease is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli

45
Q

What are the predominant *Salmonella *serotypes in pigs?

A

Typhimurium, Choleraesuis, Abortus-suis

Beware: Salmonella in swine may present similar to Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera)

45
Q

Lumpy jaw in cats is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

Nocardia cyriacigeorgica

46
Q

Nagler’s Reaction detects ____________ activity

A

lecithinase

48
Q

If you see a cow with a tendency to circle in one direction, this could be indicative of which bacterial organism?

A

Listeria

50
Q

Which of the following laboratory test would you use to distinguish definitively between Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus dysgalactiae?

  • a. CAMP test
  • b. catalase
  • c. motility
  • d. oxidase
  • e. urease
A

catalase

51
Q

I assumed this monkey got into a bar fight. He did not. His eyelid is a positive result for which test?

A

Tuberculosis skin test

52
Q

Name the pore-forming exotoxin associated with Trueperella pyogenes

A

Pyolysin O

52
Q

Which bacteria causes an occupational disease in humans called “Fish Handler’s Disease”?

A

Mycobacterium

53
Q

Johne’s Disease

(Cattle: Chronic wasting disease, normal appetite and temperature)

Name the bacteria responsible

A

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

54
Q

Are the majority of Pasteurellaceae organisms oxidase-positive or oxidase-negative?

A

oxidase-positive

**this is different from Enterbacteraciae**

55
Q

Paratyphoid* *in poultry is cause by which serotypes of Salmonella?

A

**motile serotypes **(any serotype except Gallinarum or Pullorum)

56
Q

Does the term **spastic paralysis **more appropriately belong with botulism or tetanus?

A

Tetanus

56
Q

Referring to the TSI slant in the image for Salmonella, what does the black portion of the slant suggest?

A

Salmonella produces H2S

57
Q

T/F: *Yersinia pseudotuberculosis *is mainly transmitted fecal-oral

A

True

58
Q

**Infectious Coryza **in poultry is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

*Avibacterium paragallinarum *

60
Q

This microscopic presentation using a Giemsa stain is very characteristic of which organism?

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

61
Q

Are Mycobacterium acid-fast organisms or non-acid fast organisms?

A

Acid-fast

63
Q

Where (on the host) is Trueperella pyogenes usually found?

A

mucous membranes

64
Q

Respiratory tract conditions (snuffles) in rabbits are usually caused by which bacterial organism?

A

P. multocida type A

64
Q

**Fowl cholera **is a systemic infection acquired by ingestion/inhalation of which bacterial species?

A

P. multocida capsule type A and F

65
Q

T/F: *Nocardia *and *Actinomyces *are both Acid-Fast organisms

A

False

  • Actinomyces* is an acid fast organism
  • Nocardia* is NOT
67
Q

This enzyme, present in Staphylococcus, binds to prothrombin in plasma, causing activation of thrombin, which converts fibrinogen into fibrin to form a clot:

A

Coagulase

68
Q

T/F: Trueperella spp. contain mycolic acids

A

False.

69
Q

T/F: Actinomyces lignieresii is responsible for Wooden Tongue in cattle

A

False.

Actino**bacillus** lignieresii is responsible for Wooden Tongue in cattle

Sometimes confused with actinomycosis, but actinomycosis is found in bone, and actinobacillosis affects soft tissues

70
Q

Yersinia stable toxin (Yst) is unique to which spp of Yersinia?

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

71
Q

The release of which neurotransmitter is blocked in the case of botulism

A

Acetylcholine

72
Q

Is *Listeria *CAMP-positive or CAMP-negative?

A

Listeria is CAMP Positive

73
Q

T/F: Listeria is CAMP Test [+] and can be grown at cold temperatures.

A

True

74
Q

Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI-1) promotes invasion of:

A

enterocytes

76
Q

T/F: E. coli is the most common organism comprising the normal flora of the GI tract

A

False.

E. coli is the most common facultative anaerobe comprising the normal flora of the GI tract, but not the most common organism

77
Q

Bacterial organism responsible for lumpy wool in sheep?

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

79
Q

What type of hemolysis is produced by Trueperella pyogenes on blood agar?

A

beta-hemolysis

79
Q

Name the important protein in Listeria for intracellular movement by actin polymerization

A

ActA

80
Q

How is *Salmonella *primarily transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral

80
Q

T/F: ‘Poll Evil’ and ‘Fistulous Withers’ usually contain Actinomyces and other bacteria

A

True

82
Q

Atrophic Rhinitis in swine is mostly attributable to which toxin?

A

Dermonecrotic toxin

84
Q

What is the predominant serotype of Salmonella in sheep/goats?

A

Abortus-ovis

86
Q

T/F: Arcanobacterium is a normal inhabitant of the mucous membranes of respiratory, GI, and genital tracts.

A

True

87
Q

Of *Nocardia *spp. and Actinomyces spp., which has a higher tendency for vascular dissemination?

A

Nocardia spp.

Actinomyces has very little tendency for vascular dissemination

88
Q

All of the following bacteria (except one) are good examples of pyogenic organisms. Which is the exception?

  • Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
  • Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Streptococcus equi subsp.* zooepidemicus*
  • Aracanobacterium pyogenes
A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

89
Q

T/F: Actinomyces spp. evoke pyogranulomatous reactions

A

True

90
Q

What is the etiologic agent of Johne’s disease in ruminants?

A

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis

91
Q

Which bacteria is responsible for producing an emphysematous necrotizing myositis in cattle (Black Leg)?

A

Clostridium chauvoei

92
Q

T/F: The badger is considered an important reservoir for animal tuberculosis in europe

A

True

94
Q

What is the only accepted form of diagnostic confirmation for botulism

A

Toxin is extracted from material and injected into guinea pigs or mice

Yep, f***ed up

95
Q

Bacterial organism responsible for **exudative epidermitis **in livestock?

A

*Dermatophilus congolensis *

97
Q

For which of the following bacteria would you use a Ziehl-Neelsen stain in order to demonstrate its presence in ulcerating cutaneous nodules in a cat?

  • a. Actinomyces viscosus
  • b. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
  • c. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
  • d. Mycobacterium lepraemurium
  • e. Staphylococcus intermedius
A

d. Mycobacterium lepraemurium

99
Q

Lumpy Jaw (Cattle: Osteomyelitis)

Which bacteria is responsible?

A

Actinomyces

99
Q

“New Duck Disease,” a severe polyserositic disease in ducklings, is caused by which bacterial organism?

A

*Riemerella anatipestifer *

100
Q

The image is an example of satellitism on blood agar. Which bacterial organism is the ‘nurse’ on this plate?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus produces the NAD that is necessary for growth of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae on blood agar

102
Q

What is the most common *Nocardia *spp?

A

Nocardia asteroides

104
Q

The only pathogenic species of Rhodococcus is:

A

Rhodococcus equi

106
Q

How do humans typically contract Yersinia?

A

MOTHER F***ING CATS

Usually by cuts, bites, and scratches from cats.

Can also be airborne, flea-borne, or ingestion of infected meat or necropsy exposure

107
Q

T/F: Cold enrichment may be used to help growth of Listeria on blood agar

A

True

108
Q

Which Salmonella serotype is responsible for Typhoid fever in humans?

A

Typhi (or paratyphi)

109
Q

Hemorrhagic inflammation or perioral area of freshwater fish (especially rainbow trout), termed “Enteric Redmouth” is attributable to which bacterial organism?

A

Yersinia ruckeri

110
Q

Does Salmonella ferment lactose?

How would Salmonella look on MacConkey Agar?

A

Salmonella is a non-lactose fermenter.

It does grow on MacConkey, but the colonies will be yellow-ish… NOT PINK

112
Q

Which of the following is NOT a virulence factor of E**rysipelothrix?

  • Surface proteins
  • Neuraminidase
  • Capsule
  • Peptidoglycan
  • All of the above are virulence factors for Erysilopilothrix
A

All of the above are virulence factors for Erysipelothrix

113
Q

Which of the following is the etiologic agent of “lumpy jaw”?

  • Nocardia asteroides
  • Erysilopilothrix
  • Mycobacterium avium
  • Actinomyces bovis
A

Actinomyces bovis

114
Q

Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular pathogen of which cells?

A

macrophages

115
Q

The release of which neurotransmitter is blocked in the case of tetanus​

A

GABA

116
Q

Bacterial organism that’s (mainly) responsible for Marie’s diseases:

A

Mycobacterium bovis

117
Q

Name the surface proteins of Listeria important for inducing phagocytosis and for adhesion and entry into target cells

A

Internalins

118
Q

**Glasser’s disease **in pigs is caused by:

A

Haemophilus parasuis

119
Q

Which serotype of *Salmonella *is most common in sheep?

A

Typhimurium

120
Q

Most *Clostridium *spp are motile and have what type of flagella?

A

Peritrichous flagella

121
Q

Diamond Skin Disease

(Pigs: Red to purple rhomboid shaped skin lesions that can necrose)

Name the bacteria responsible

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

122
Q

Strychnine poisoning would be a great differential diagnosis for which disease?

A

Descending tetanus

123
Q

Regarding *Bacillus *spp, what is the Bacillus capsule composed of?

A

**D-glutamyl polypeptide **

125
Q

Fowl Typhoid is caused by which serotype(s) of Salmonella?

A

Gallinarum

126
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae most commonly occurs in which species?

A

Swine

127
Q

The diamond pattern seen on the skin of this pig are classic examples of skin lesions associated with which bacterial organism?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Lesions may be the result of deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the subcutaneous vasculature with subsequent thrombus formation

128
Q

Which species of Shigella produces Shiga toxin?

A

Shigella dysenteriae

129
Q

Regarding *Salmonella *in human food products: Which serotype are we likely to find in milk?

A

Dublin

130
Q

Where is Actinomyces spp. found?

A

oral mucous membranes, teeth, MM of urogenital & GI tracts

131
Q

Which organism should be on the top of your differential list for shipping fever?

A

Mannhaemia haemolytica

132
Q

T/F: Lipid A is an important virulence factor forYersinia pestis and **Yersinia pseudotuberculosis **

A

False.

Lipid A is an important virulence factor for *Y. pseudotuberculosis, *but Y. pestis lacks Lipid A

133
Q

What is the most common sign of snuffles in rabbits?

A

Nasal discharge

134
Q

What is the predominant animal pathogen in the genus Trueperella?

A

Trueperella pyogenes

135
Q

Which cellular product of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is responsible for bacterial attachment and invasion into cells?

A

Neuraminidase

136
Q

Causative agents of “footrot”:

A

Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum

137
Q

Causative agent of blue bag:

A

M. haemolytica and B. trehalosi

RUSVM Bacteriology (4 decks)

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