Bacteriology Exam 2 Material Flashcards
What genus most closely fits the description “large Gram-positive rods, spore forming, anaerobic, causes several life- threatening diseases of animals and man, commonly by the production of powerful exotoxins”?
- a. Actinomyces
- b. Arcanobacterium
- c. Bacillus
- d. Clostridium
- e. Corynebacterium
d. Clostridium
T/F: In order to produce enterotoxigenic diarrhea, E. coli must have either adhesins or enterotoxins
False.
In order to produce enterotoxigenic diarrhea, E. coli must have BOTH adhesins AND enterotoxins
What is the classic source of infection for Listeria?
contaminated silages
A pig (named Chris P. Bacon) presents to your clinic in severe respiratory distress… You kill him. Upon necropsy, you observe focal areas of necrotizing pneumonia in the dorsal and caudal portions of the lungs. Which bacterial organism should you have at the top of your differential list?
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Lethal toxin, produced by Bacillus antracis, is composed of __________ and __________.
Lethal toxin, produced by Bacillus antracis, is composed of protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF).
PA is responsible for binding to host cells
LF is responsible for toxic activity (macrophages)
Which bacterial organism is known to cause Glässer’s diseases (polyserositis)
Haemophilus parasuis
T/F: All *Actinobacillus *spp. grow on MacConkey agar
False
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae does not grow on MacConkey agar
This vegetative endocarditis of the right atrioventricular valve of a heifer was caused by which bacterial organism?
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Which two organisms that we’ve discussed show **bipolar staining coccobacilli **upon Gram stain?
*Pasteurella *and Yersinia
Which *Mycobacterium *spp grows at a higher temperature than the others? (~43°C)
Mycobacterium avium
T/F: Rhodococcus spp. contain mycolic acid
True
T/F: Animals who survive ascending tetanus acquire immunity from the disease
False.
Survivors are susceptible to re-infection; Not enough toxin present to induce a strong immune-response (neutralizing antibodies)
What is the most common and most important bacterial cause of pyometra in dogs?
E. coli
Which bacterial organism is known to express Lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS)?
Histophilus somni
Does Yersinia ruckeri cause disease in freshwater or saltwater fish?
Yersinia ruckeri causes Enteric Redmouth in TROUT
Trout are freshwater fish
Bovine Thrombotic Meningoencephalitis is caused by which bacterial organism?
Histophilus somni
What is the main virulence factor for Listeria?
Listeriolysin O (LLO)
It is a pore-forming cytolysin
T/F: Necropsy of animals suspected of carrying anthrax is required.
False.
T/F: Adhesins associated with Clostridium difficile function in adhesion to target cells in the small intestine
False.
Adhesion to target cells in the large intestine
Which Salmonella Pathogenicity Island (SPI) promotes survival in macrophages?
Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI-2)
When a blood smear containing Bacillus anthracis is stained with McFadyean’s Methylene Blue stain, what color do the bacterial capsules stain?
pink
How are humans infected with P. multocida?
Wound infection (bites and scratches)
Circling Disease
(Cattle: Encephalitis, depression, anorexia, unilateral facial paralysis, bilateral keratoconjunctivitis)
Listeria
**Attaching and effacing lesions **are hallmarks of which disease(s)?
Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli
T/F: Shigella is characterized by the presence of a capsule and flagella
Hell no.
No capsule, no flagella
Listeria spp. are motile at what temperature?
25°C
T/F: Yersinia pestis is usually more prevalent in colder months
False
*Y. pestis *is more prevalent during warmer months
T/F: *Mannhaemia, Bibersteinia, *and Pasteurella all exhibit growth on MacConkey Agar
False
*Pasteurella *typically does not grow on MacConkey
All except one of the following virulence determinants can occur in Gram-positive bacteria. Which is the exception?
- a. capsule
- b. endotoxin
- c. exotoxin
- d. hyaluronidase
- e. survival in phagocytes
b. endotoxin
Is the organism that causes strawberry footrot in sheep Gram-positive or Gram-negative?
*Dermatophilus congolensis *is the organism responsible for strawberry footrot** **in sheep.
It is Gram-positive!!
Which viral infection is typical to be seen concurrent to Shipping Fever?
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
T/F: Rhodococcus equi can cause pneumonia in immunocompromised humans
True
This cutaneous tuberculosis on the thumb of a veterinary surgeon was caused by which bacterial organism?
Mycobacterium bovis
Death associated with botulism is usually a result of:
respiratory failure
botulism neurotoxin (BoNT) affecting respiratory muscles, resulting in flaccid paralysis and inability to breathe
In an outbreak of Swine Erysipelas any or all of the following clinical manifestations may be seen, except:
- acute septicemia
- chronic arthritis
- urticaria (diamond skin)
- meningitis (circling)
- vegetative endocarditis
meningitis (circling)
Circling diseases are caused by Listeria
T/F: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is usually more prevalent in colder months
True
Which bacterial organism(s) that we’ve discussed exhibit(s) satellitism on blood agar?
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Haemophilus parasuis
T/F: Avibacterium paragallinarum, Haemophilus parasuis, H. influenzae, and Histophilus somni all produce a capsule
False
*Histophilus somni *does not produce a capsule
When a blood smear containing Bacillus anthracis is stained with McFadyean’s methylene blue stain, what color do the bacterial capsules stain?
pink
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is most commonly seen in what species?
Swine
Which animal is exceptionally susceptible to Listeria septicemia?
Chinchillas
Regarding Salmonella in human food products: Which serotype are we likely to find in poultry meat/eggs?
Enteritidis
What is the most likely natural habitat for Listeria?
decomposing plant matter
What is the action of Yersinia murine toxin (Ymt) in the midgut of the flea?
Ymt enhances bacterial colonization in the midgut of the flea and acts as protection from digestive enzymes
Which Salmonella Pathogenicity Island (SPI) is responsible for forming a Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) after lysosomal fusion?
Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI-2)
Name the commensal diptheroid organism in preputial mucosa of boars that is responsible for a pathogenesis similar to bovine pyelonephritis
Actinobaculum suis
Which Salmonella Pathogenicity Island (SPI) is responsible for the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from enterocytes and macrophages? What are those respective pro-inflammatory cytokines?
Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI-1)
Enterocytes: IL-8
Macrophages: IL-1β and IL-18
Which Yersinia spp. is endemic in Western North America, southern Asia, southern and western Africa, and north-central South America?
Yersinia pestis
usually in warmer months
Leukotoxin is found in which bacterial organism(s)?
Mannheimia spp. and Bibersteinia trehalosi
What is the leading cause of wound infections of farm animals?
Clostridium septicum
Swollen snood in turkeys is pathognomonic for which bacteria?
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Lethal toxin (LeTx) and edema toxin (EdTx), produced by Bacillus anthracis, are both under control of which regulatory protein?
Anthrax toxin Activator (AtxA)
Name the reportable disease in cattle caused by Trueperella pyogenes
Summer mastitis
Atrophic Rhinitis in Swine is caused by which bacterial organism(s)?
P. multocida capsule type D or Bordetella bronchiseptica
Sleepy Foal Disease is caused by which bacterial organism?
Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli
What are the predominant *Salmonella *serotypes in pigs?
Typhimurium, Choleraesuis, Abortus-suis
Beware: Salmonella in swine may present similar to Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera)
Lumpy jaw in cats is caused by which bacterial organism?
Nocardia cyriacigeorgica
Nagler’s Reaction detects ____________ activity
lecithinase
If you see a cow with a tendency to circle in one direction, this could be indicative of which bacterial organism?
Listeria
Which of the following laboratory test would you use to distinguish definitively between Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus dysgalactiae?
- a. CAMP test
- b. catalase
- c. motility
- d. oxidase
- e. urease
catalase
I assumed this monkey got into a bar fight. He did not. His eyelid is a positive result for which test?
Tuberculosis skin test
Name the pore-forming exotoxin associated with Trueperella pyogenes
Pyolysin O
Which bacteria causes an occupational disease in humans called “Fish Handler’s Disease”?
Mycobacterium
Johne’s Disease
(Cattle: Chronic wasting disease, normal appetite and temperature)
Name the bacteria responsible
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
Are the majority of Pasteurellaceae organisms oxidase-positive or oxidase-negative?
oxidase-positive
**this is different from Enterbacteraciae**
Paratyphoid* *in poultry is cause by which serotypes of Salmonella?
**motile serotypes **(any serotype except Gallinarum or Pullorum)
Does the term **spastic paralysis **more appropriately belong with botulism or tetanus?
Tetanus
Referring to the TSI slant in the image for Salmonella, what does the black portion of the slant suggest?
Salmonella produces H2S
T/F: *Yersinia pseudotuberculosis *is mainly transmitted fecal-oral
True
**Infectious Coryza **in poultry is caused by which bacterial organism?
*Avibacterium paragallinarum *
This microscopic presentation using a Giemsa stain is very characteristic of which organism?
Dermatophilus congolensis
Are Mycobacterium acid-fast organisms or non-acid fast organisms?
Acid-fast
Where (on the host) is Trueperella pyogenes usually found?
mucous membranes
Respiratory tract conditions (snuffles) in rabbits are usually caused by which bacterial organism?
P. multocida type A
**Fowl cholera **is a systemic infection acquired by ingestion/inhalation of which bacterial species?
P. multocida capsule type A and F
T/F: *Nocardia *and *Actinomyces *are both Acid-Fast organisms
False
- Actinomyces* is an acid fast organism
- Nocardia* is NOT
This enzyme, present in Staphylococcus, binds to prothrombin in plasma, causing activation of thrombin, which converts fibrinogen into fibrin to form a clot:
Coagulase
T/F: Trueperella spp. contain mycolic acids
False.
T/F: Actinomyces lignieresii is responsible for Wooden Tongue in cattle
False.
Actino**bacillus** lignieresii is responsible for Wooden Tongue in cattle
Sometimes confused with actinomycosis, but actinomycosis is found in bone, and actinobacillosis affects soft tissues
Yersinia stable toxin (Yst) is unique to which spp of Yersinia?
Yersinia enterocolitica
The release of which neurotransmitter is blocked in the case of botulism
Acetylcholine
Is *Listeria *CAMP-positive or CAMP-negative?
Listeria is CAMP Positive
T/F: Listeria is CAMP Test [+] and can be grown at cold temperatures.
True
Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI-1) promotes invasion of:
enterocytes
T/F: E. coli is the most common organism comprising the normal flora of the GI tract
False.
E. coli is the most common facultative anaerobe comprising the normal flora of the GI tract, but not the most common organism
Bacterial organism responsible for lumpy wool in sheep?
Dermatophilus congolensis
What type of hemolysis is produced by Trueperella pyogenes on blood agar?
beta-hemolysis
Name the important protein in Listeria for intracellular movement by actin polymerization
ActA
How is *Salmonella *primarily transmitted?
Fecal-oral
T/F: ‘Poll Evil’ and ‘Fistulous Withers’ usually contain Actinomyces and other bacteria
True
Atrophic Rhinitis in swine is mostly attributable to which toxin?
Dermonecrotic toxin
What is the predominant serotype of Salmonella in sheep/goats?
Abortus-ovis
T/F: Arcanobacterium is a normal inhabitant of the mucous membranes of respiratory, GI, and genital tracts.
True
Of *Nocardia *spp. and Actinomyces spp., which has a higher tendency for vascular dissemination?
Nocardia spp.
Actinomyces has very little tendency for vascular dissemination
All of the following bacteria (except one) are good examples of pyogenic organisms. Which is the exception?
- Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus equi subsp.* zooepidemicus*
- Aracanobacterium pyogenes
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
T/F: Actinomyces spp. evoke pyogranulomatous reactions
True
What is the etiologic agent of Johne’s disease in ruminants?
Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis
Which bacteria is responsible for producing an emphysematous necrotizing myositis in cattle (Black Leg)?
Clostridium chauvoei
T/F: The badger is considered an important reservoir for animal tuberculosis in europe
True
What is the only accepted form of diagnostic confirmation for botulism
Toxin is extracted from material and injected into guinea pigs or mice
Yep, f***ed up
Bacterial organism responsible for **exudative epidermitis **in livestock?
*Dermatophilus congolensis *
For which of the following bacteria would you use a Ziehl-Neelsen stain in order to demonstrate its presence in ulcerating cutaneous nodules in a cat?
- a. Actinomyces viscosus
- b. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
- c. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
- d. Mycobacterium lepraemurium
- e. Staphylococcus intermedius
d. Mycobacterium lepraemurium
Lumpy Jaw (Cattle: Osteomyelitis)
Which bacteria is responsible?
Actinomyces
“New Duck Disease,” a severe polyserositic disease in ducklings, is caused by which bacterial organism?
*Riemerella anatipestifer *
The image is an example of satellitism on blood agar. Which bacterial organism is the ‘nurse’ on this plate?
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus produces the NAD that is necessary for growth of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae on blood agar
What is the most common *Nocardia *spp?
Nocardia asteroides
The only pathogenic species of Rhodococcus is:
Rhodococcus equi
How do humans typically contract Yersinia?
MOTHER F***ING CATS
Usually by cuts, bites, and scratches from cats.
Can also be airborne, flea-borne, or ingestion of infected meat or necropsy exposure
T/F: Cold enrichment may be used to help growth of Listeria on blood agar
True
Which Salmonella serotype is responsible for Typhoid fever in humans?
Typhi (or paratyphi)
Hemorrhagic inflammation or perioral area of freshwater fish (especially rainbow trout), termed “Enteric Redmouth” is attributable to which bacterial organism?
Yersinia ruckeri
Does Salmonella ferment lactose?
How would Salmonella look on MacConkey Agar?
Salmonella is a non-lactose fermenter.
It does grow on MacConkey, but the colonies will be yellow-ish… NOT PINK
Which of the following is NOT a virulence factor of E**rysipelothrix?
- Surface proteins
- Neuraminidase
- Capsule
- Peptidoglycan
- All of the above are virulence factors for Erysilopilothrix
All of the above are virulence factors for Erysipelothrix
Which of the following is the etiologic agent of “lumpy jaw”?
- Nocardia asteroides
- Erysilopilothrix
- Mycobacterium avium
- Actinomyces bovis
Actinomyces bovis
Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular pathogen of which cells?
macrophages
The release of which neurotransmitter is blocked in the case of tetanus
GABA
Bacterial organism that’s (mainly) responsible for Marie’s diseases:
Mycobacterium bovis
Name the surface proteins of Listeria important for inducing phagocytosis and for adhesion and entry into target cells
Internalins
**Glasser’s disease **in pigs is caused by:
Haemophilus parasuis
Which serotype of *Salmonella *is most common in sheep?
Typhimurium
Most *Clostridium *spp are motile and have what type of flagella?
Peritrichous flagella
Diamond Skin Disease
(Pigs: Red to purple rhomboid shaped skin lesions that can necrose)
Name the bacteria responsible
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Strychnine poisoning would be a great differential diagnosis for which disease?
Descending tetanus
Regarding *Bacillus *spp, what is the Bacillus capsule composed of?
**D-glutamyl polypeptide **
Fowl Typhoid is caused by which serotype(s) of Salmonella?
Gallinarum
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae most commonly occurs in which species?
Swine
The diamond pattern seen on the skin of this pig are classic examples of skin lesions associated with which bacterial organism?
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Lesions may be the result of deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the subcutaneous vasculature with subsequent thrombus formation
Which species of Shigella produces Shiga toxin?
Shigella dysenteriae
Regarding *Salmonella *in human food products: Which serotype are we likely to find in milk?
Dublin
Where is Actinomyces spp. found?
oral mucous membranes, teeth, MM of urogenital & GI tracts
Which organism should be on the top of your differential list for shipping fever?
Mannhaemia haemolytica
T/F: Lipid A is an important virulence factor forYersinia pestis and **Yersinia pseudotuberculosis **
False.
Lipid A is an important virulence factor for *Y. pseudotuberculosis, *but Y. pestis lacks Lipid A
What is the most common sign of snuffles in rabbits?
Nasal discharge
What is the predominant animal pathogen in the genus Trueperella?
Trueperella pyogenes
Which cellular product of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is responsible for bacterial attachment and invasion into cells?
Neuraminidase
Causative agents of “footrot”:
Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum
Causative agent of blue bag:
M. haemolytica and B. trehalosi
