Bacteriology Basics Flashcards

1
Q

PAS Stain

A

Stains Glycogen

Used to diagnose Whipple disease

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2
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen (carbol fuchsin) Stain

A

Stains Acid-fast organisms (Nocardia, mycobacterium)

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3
Q

India Ink

A

Stains Cryptococcus neoformans

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4
Q

Silver Stain

A

Fungi
Legionella
H. pylori

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5
Q

Thayer-Martin Media (VPN)

A
Contains Vancomycin (inhibits gram +), Polymyxin (inhibits gram -s except Neisseria), and Nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Used for Neisseria species
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6
Q

MacConkey Agar

A

Lactose fermenters grow pink colonies

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7
Q

Obligate Aerobes

A

Nocardia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bacillus (?)

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8
Q

Obligate Anaerobes (lack catalase and/or superoxide dismutase)

A

Clostridium
Bacterioides
Actinomyces

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9
Q

Obligate Intracellular Bacteria (Can’t Make own ATP)

A

Rickettsia

Chlamydia

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10
Q

Encapsulated Bacteria

A
SHiNE SKiS:
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae B
Neisseria meningitidis
E. Coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Group B Strep
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11
Q

Catalase + (degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to microbicidal products by MPO)

A
If you have chronic granulomatous disease (NADPH oxidase deficiency), you have recurrent infections with cat+ organisms:
Staph
Psuedomonas
Listeria
Aspergillus
E. coli
Serratia
Candida
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12
Q

Urease-Positive Bugs

A
Cryptococcus
H. pylori
Proteus
Ureaplasma
Nocardia
Klebsiella
S. epidermidis
S. saprophticus
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13
Q

Pigment-Producing Bacteria

A

Actinomyces israelii: yellow “sulfur” granules
S. aureus: yellow pigment
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: blue-green pigment
Serratia marcescens: red pigment (maraschino cherries)

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14
Q

Protein A

A

Expressed by S. aureus

Binds Fc region of IgG and prevents opsonization and phagocytosis

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15
Q

IgA Protease

A

Secreted by Strep pneumoniae, H influenzae B, and Neisseria (SHiN) in order to colonize respiratory mucosa
It’s an enzyme that cleaves IgA

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16
Q

M Protein

A

Expressed by Strep Pyogenes
Helps prevent phagocytosis
Molecular mimicry in rheumatic fever

17
Q

Endotoxin Clinical Effects and Mode of Action

A

Fever, Shock, DIC

Does this by inducing TNF, IL-1, and IL-6

18
Q

Transformation

A

Ability to take up naked DNA from environment (a feature of many bacteria including SHiN)

19
Q

Conjugation

A

Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria by a bridge or by direct cell to cell contact

20
Q

Transposition

A

Segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another (thus it can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa)

21
Q

Transduction

A

Genetic material is transferred from a bacteria to another bacteria by a virus

22
Q

Alpha Hemolytic Bacteria Appearance on Blood Agar

A

Green ring around colonies