bacteriology 9

Question 1

can not have

Answer 1

gram negative cocci

Question 2

gram negative rods
oxidase negative

Answer 2

enterobacterales

Question 3

enterobacterales

Answer 3

gram negative rods
facultative anaerobic
oxidase negative
motile-flagella
grows on blood agar-dirty grey colonies
some are hemolytic
growth on macconkey
tolerate bile salt
lactose fermentation

Question 4

lactose positive (pink)

Answer 4

escherichia
klebsiella

Question 5

lactose negative (yellow)

Answer 5

proteus
salmonella
yersinia

Question 6

good pathogens

Answer 6

e coli
salmonella
yersinia

Question 7

indermediate pathogen

Answer 7

klebsiella pneumoniae
proteus spp

Question 8

poor pathogen

Answer 8

enterobacter, serratia

Question 9

e coli

Answer 9

normal flora of most vertebrates
lower ileum
large intestine
colonizes neonatal GIT within hours of birth
urvives will in the environment

Question 10

e coli transmitted

Answer 10

depends on site of infection
fecal oral
inhalation
direct inoculation
ascending infections
cystitis
pyometra
transient in urogenital tract

Question 11

Virulence of e coli

Answer 11

Attachment-fimbriae or adhesion
avoidance of phagocytosis-casule
cellular effects-hemolysin and cytotoxin necrotizing factors
systemic effects-endotoxin
depend on site of infection

Question 12

not all strains are virulent

Answer 12

diseases in different sites have different virulence factos

Question 13

diseases of e coli

Answer 13

enteritis
mastitis
diskospondylitis
pyometra
osteomyelitis
cystitis
colibacillosis
endocarditis
arthritis
ompahalitiis
sepsis

Question 14

diagnose e coli

Answer 14

4 point rule

Question 15

treat e coli
non enteric infections

Answer 15

multiple drug resistant strains of enterobacterales
drug resistance plasmid are readily transfered among members of the family
most antibiotic resistant bacteria in existence
susceptibility test should be preformed

Question 16

treat e coli
non enteric infection

Answer 16

ancillary therapies
critically important
surgery/drainage/debridement
fluid therapy
anti-enodoxin therapies

Question 17

where is salmonella

Answer 17

not in normal flora
present in carrier animals-GIT which includes mammals, birds, reptiles and insects
survive long time in the environment

Question 18

how is salmonella transmitted

Answer 18

feco oral
variety of species are carrier
reptiles
cattle
horses
recrudescence of infection in carrier animals

Question 19

virulence factor of salmonella

Answer 19

avoidance of killing by phagocytes
facultative intracellular parasites
systemic carrier states-not just in the intestin
live in macrophages and in mediastinal lymph node and liver

Question 20

enteritis

Answer 20

horse and cattle-less common in carnivores
hypersecretory component
hemorrhage and fibrin due to effects of exotoxin

Question 21

septicemia with localization

Answer 21

after ingestion, some animals become septicemic with localization in a variety of organs
lungs, joints, kidney, heart, spleen
mostly in young animals
ability to invade intestine and survive inside macrophages

Question 22

carrier state

Answer 22

salmonella can also localise in phagocytes
facultative intracellular parasites
inside macrophages they are transported to local lymph nodes, liver spleen and gallbladder and remain there for weeks to years
salmonella are shed intermittently and inapparently in their feces
infection may recrudesce and clinical disease (diarrhea)
host adapted strains more likely to cause carrier state

Question 23

how tp diagnose non enteric

Answer 23

collection from sterile site and apply 4 point rule

Question 24

where does yersinia come from

Answer 24

yersinia pestis
wild rodents are the reservoir
rodents (mice and rats) Prairie dogs and squirrels
flea-rodent-flea life cycle

Question 25

virulence factors for yersinia

Answer 25

avoidance of killing my phagocytes
facultative intracellular parasites

Question 26

enteric
y pseudotuberculosis

Answer 26

enteritis most common in ruminants (especially deer)

Question 27

enteric
y enterocolitica

Answer 27

enteritis in humans (occasionally in animals)

Question 28

non-enteric
y pestis

Answer 28

non-enteric
most virulent
plague (black death) humans and cats
rare in other species
bubonic form (lymph nodes)
pneumonic forms (lungs)
septicemic form (Systemic)
present in the us (AZ, NM, UT, CO, CA, OR)
cases of reported most years
cats more frequent than dogs
clinical signs-severe depression, fever, enlarged peripheral lymph nodes

Question 29

non enteric
y pseudotuberculosis

Answer 29

sporadic abortion in ruminants
more severe disease including septicaemia, mostly birds and pocket pets

Question 30

how do you diagnose

Answer 30

with caution
send aspirate of pus, blood LN to specialized labs
notify public health authorities
bipolar staining
PCR and culture
be carefu;