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Microbiology II > Bacteriology > Flashcards

Bacteriology Flashcards

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1
Q

Catalase positive

Coagulase negative

A

Staph epidermidis

Staph saprophyticus

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2
Q

Catalase positive
Coagulase negative
Novobiocin sensitive? Resistant?

A

Sensitive: S. epidermidis
Resistant: S. saprophyticus

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3
Q

Gram+ bacilli

A 
B cereus! No Diet, haLa TATABA Eu!
B. cereus
Nocardia
Diptheria
Listeria
Tetanus
Anthrax
TB
Actinomyces
Bifidobacterium
Acnes (Propionibacterium)
Eubacterium
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4
Q

Grape-like clusters with golden colonies on blood agar is salt-tolerant on which agar

A

Mannitol salt agar

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5
Q

Gold colony color of S aureus is due to what pigment

A

Staphyloxanthin

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6
Q

S aureus habitat

A

Anterior nares and skin

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7
Q

Immunomodulator: prevents complement activation

A

Protein A

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8
Q

Immunomodulator: builds an insoluble fibrin capsule

A

Coagulase

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9
Q

Immunomodulator: Hemolysin is toxic to which type of cells

A

Hematopoietic cells

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10
Q

Immunomodulator: this is specific for white blood cells found in S aureus

A

PV Leukocidin (Pantonvalentine)

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11
Q

Immunomodulator: detoxifies hydrogen peroxide

A

Catalase

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12
Q

Immunomodulator: inactivates penicillin derivatives

A

Penicillinase

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13
Q

Catalase positive

Coagulase positive

A

Staph aureus

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14
Q

Virulence factor for tissue penetrance in S. aureus which hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid

A

Hyaluronidase

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15
Q

Virulence factor for tissue penetrance in S. aureus which dissolves fibrin clots

A

Fibrinolysin (Staphylokinase)

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16
Q

S. aureus toxins which causes epidermal separation

A

Exfoliatin

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17
Q

Superantigens causing food poisoning

A

Enterotoxin (heat-stable)

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18
Q

Superantigen leading to toxic shock syndrome

A

Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)

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19
Q

S. aureus virulence factor which causes marked necrosis of the skin and hemolysis

A

Alpha toxin

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20
Q

Sequestered focus of osteomyelitis arising in the metaphyseal area of a long bone, usually caused by S. aureus

A

Brodie abscess

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21
Q

Most common cause of acute endocarditis; also affects in native valve (tricuspid valve) in IV drug abusers

A

S. aureus

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22
Q

Usually occurs in women who use tampons and in patients with nasal packing for epistaxis; no site of pyogenic inflammation and blood CS negative; presents with fever, hypotension, sloughing of filiform papilae -> strawberry tongue, desquamating rash and multi-organ development (>3)

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome: TSST-1, S aureus

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23
Q

On blood agar: whitish, non-hemolytic colonies
On gram stain: gram positive cocci in clusters
Calatase positive
Coagulase negative
Novobiocin sensitive

A

S. epidermidis

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24
Q

On blood agar: whitish, non-hemolytic colonies
On gram stain: gram positive cocci in clusters
Calatase positive
Coagulase negative
Novobiocin resistant

A

S. saprophyticus

25
Q

Forms biofilms; MC cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis, septic arthritis in prosthetic joints and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections

A

S. epidermidis

> 50% methicillin-resistant, tx: vancomycin

26
Q

2nd MC cause of UTIs in sexually active women

A

S. saprophyticus

tx: TMP-SMX, quinolones

27
Q

PYR test: positive

A

PYR test
(+): S. pyogenes or group D streptococci
(-): all other streptococci

28
Q 
Gram+ cocci
Catalase negative
Hemolysis beta
Bacitracin sensitive? Resistant?
Lancefield group?
A

Sensitive: group A, S. pyogenes (lancefield group A)
Resistant: group B, S. agalactiae (lancefield group B)

29
Q

Fibrinolysin in Streptococci

A

Streptokinase - activates plasminogen

30
Q

Strep pyogenes virulence enzyme which degrades DMA im exudates or necrotic tissue

A

DNase (Streptodornase)

31
Q

Inactivates complement C5A seen in S. pyogenes

A

C5A peptidase

32
Q

S. pyogenes toxins (5)

A

Erythrogenic toxin: prod scarlet fever
Streptolysin O (oxygen-labile): highly antigenic, cause AB formation
Streptolysin S (oxygen-stable)
Pyogenic exotoxin A: superantigen similar to TSST
Exotoxin B: protease that rapidly destroys tissue –> necrotizing fascitis

33
Q

Lab tests for S. pyogenes infections

A

Anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titers: document antecedent pharyngitis
Anti-DNAse B titers: docu antecedent skin infection
Anti- streptokinase antibodies: decrease efficacy of streptokinase in managing MI

34
Q

Honey-colored crusting on perioral blistered lesions; accumulation of neutrophils under stratum corneum; complication: poststrep GN

A

Impetigo contagiosa

35
Q

MC bacterial cause of sore throat

A

S. pyogenes

36
Q

Pastia’s lines, sandpaper-like centrifugal rash, strawberry tongue, fever, desquamation describe what disease? Bacterial agent?

A

Scarlet Fever
S. pyogenes
Erythrogenic toxin

Dick test for susceptibility

37
Q

Tx for S. pyogenes infections

A

Pen G

38
Q 
Gram+ cocci in chains, beta-hemolytic, grows in LIM broth
Catalase negative
Bacitracin resistant
CAMP test positive
Lancefield group B
A

S. agalactiae (group B streptococci)

39
Q

True or False: All pregnant women should be screened for GBS colonization during the first trimester

A

False; screening at 35-37 weeks AOG

40
Q

S. agalactiae chemoprophylaxis of IV Penicillin or Ampicillin is given ___hrs prior to delivery

A

4 hours

41
Q

Maybe the culprit in UTIs due to catheters and instrumentation; biliary tractinfections, endocarditis post GIT or GUT surgery

A

S. agalactiae

42
Q

Bacteria responsible for marantic endocarditis in patients with abdominal malignancy

A

Streptococcus bovis

43
Q

Gram+ cocci in chains, gamma (nonhemolytic) colonies
Catalase negative
Bile and optochin resistant
Lancefield group D
PYR test +
Hydrolyzes esculin in bile esculin agar (BEA)

A

Emterococcus faecalis (Group D streptococci)

44
Q

Tx for E. faecalis

A

Penicillin + Gentamicin
If penicillin-resistant: vancomycin
If vancomycin-resistant: linezolid

45
Q 
Gram+ lancet shapped cocci in pairs (diplococci)
\_\_\_\_\_? hemolytic
Catalase \_\_\_\_\_? 
Bile and optochin \_\_\_\_\_?
Positive/negative? Quellung reaction
A

ALPHA hemolytic
Catalase NEGATIVE
Bile and optochin SENSITIVE
POSITIVE Quellung reaction

46
Q

Mnemonic for encapsulated bacteria

A 
Some Killers Have Pretty Nice and Shiny Bodies
S pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
H influenzae
P aeruginosa
N meningitidis
Salmonella typhi
B group streptococci
47
Q

MC cause of subacute and native valve endocarditis

A

Streptococcus sanguis

48
Q

Viridans streptococci found in dental caries

A

Streptococcus mutans

49
Q 
Gram+ cocci in chains
Alpha hemolytic
Catalase negative
Bile and optochin resistant
Tx: PenG w w/o aminoglycoside (gentamicin)
A

Viridans Streptococci

50
Q

Dry ground-glass surface and irregular edges with projections along the lines of inoculation

A

Medusa nead morphology

Bacillus anthracis

51
Q

B. anthracis virulence factors which 1) inhibits a signal transduction in cell division and the other 2) mediates entry of the other 2 components into the cell

A

1) lethal factor LF
2) protective antigen PA
Combined: lethal toxin

52
Q

B. anthracis protective antigen (PA) + Edema factor (EF) –>

A

Edema toxin

*edema factor EF (calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase)

53
Q

Pulmonary hemorrhage is the most common cause of death in the following diseases (3):

A

Pulmonary anthrax
Weil’s syndrome
Congenital syphilis

54
Q

Other name for anthrax infection when it spores are inhaled from animals

A

Woolsorter’s disease

55
Q

Prolonged latent infection in inhalational anthrax lasts for ____ before rapid deterioration lasts for

A

2 months

56
Q

DOC for cutaneous anthrax? Inhalational/ GI anthrax?

A

Cutaneous: Ciprofloxacin
Inhalational/GI: Ciprofloxacin or Doxycycline with one or 2 additional antibiotics (rifampin, vancomycin, penicillin, imipenem, clindamycin, clarithromycin)

57
Q

Gram+ box car like rods which are nonmotile, spore-forming with medusa head morphology

A

B. anthracis

58
Q

Aerobic, motile, gram+ spore-forming rods with spores usually found on rice grains withstanding steaming and rapid frying (reheated fried rice)

A

Bacillus cereus

Microbiology II (4 decks)

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