BACTERIOLOGY Flashcards
Friedlander’s Bacillus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Eberth’s bacillus
Salmonella typhi
Garter’s bacillus
Salmonella enteritidis
Aka Ritter’s Disease
Scalded Skin Syndrome
Causes Bacterial Endocarditis
S. epidermidis
Most common cause of UTI in young, sexually active females
S. saprophyticus
Most common cause of UTI
E. coli
Most common cause of bacterial food poisoning in the US
Staphylococcus aureus
Diagnostic test used in scarlet fever caused by GAS
Schultz-Charlton test
Susceptibility test used in scarlet fever caused by GAS
Dick’s test
Most serious sequela of S. pyogenes.
Presence of aschoff bodies
Rheumatic heart fever
Occurs after a cutaneous or pharyngeal infection.
Presence of dysmorphic rbc’s
Acute glomerulonephritis
Causes neonatal meningitis
Mastitis in cattle
GBS
Wide zone of b-hemolysis
S. pyogenes
Narrow zone of b-hemolysis
S. agalactiae
Arrowhead-shaped zone of enhanced hemolysis at the juncture of the two organisms (CAMP test)
GBS (S. agalactiae)
Block/Rectangular shaped zone of enhanced hemolysis (Shovel head)
L. monocytogenes
Bow tie zone of enhanced hemolysis (Reverse CAMP)
C. perfringens
Causes lobar pneumonia
S. pneumoniae
Most common cause of bacterial meningitis in ADULTS
S. pneumoniae
Coin with a raise rim appearance
S. pneumoniae
Causes Subacute bacterial endocarditis from individuals with damaged or prosthetic heart valves
Viridans streptococci
Tooth decay & Gingivitis
S. mutans
Meaning “flow of seed”
N. gonorrhoeae
Cause of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
N. gonorrhoeae
Appearance of violin string adhesions of the peritoneum to the liver
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
Added to the blood culture media to neutralize the effect of SPS against N. gonorrhoeae
Gelatin
1 cause of STD
Chlamydia trachomatis
2 cause of STD
N. gonorrheae
Causes WATERHOUSE-FRIEDRICHSEN SYNDROME
N. meningitidis
Third most common cause of acute otitis media (middle ear infection)
Moraxella catarrhalis
1 most common cause of acute otitis media (middle ear infection)
S. pneumoniae
2 most common cause of acute otitis media (middle ear infection)
H. influenzae
Hockey puck appearance and older colonies may give a “wagon-wheel”
M. catarrhalis
Dry, claylike consistency on SBA
N. elongata
Most common cause of UTI’s in humans
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)
The most common cause of a diarrheal disease sometimes referred to as TRAVELER’s diarrhea.
Weanling diarrhea
Delhi belly
Turista
ETEC
Infantile diarrhea
No toxin produced
Stool: Watery diarrhea with large amount of mucus but no apparent blood.
EPEC
Produce dysentery
Diarrheal illness is very similar to that produced by Shigella spp.
Stool: Minimal amounts of stool with BLOOD and MUCUS WITH LEUKOCYTES
EIEC
Shiga toxin-producing E. colo (STEC)/ Verotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC)
Stool: Watery and bloody diarrhea W/OUT LEUKOCYTES
EHEC
Diarrheal syndromes and UTIs
Adhere to HEp2 cells, packed in an aggregative “stacked-brick pattern”
EAEC or EAggEC
Causes gastroenteritis/enterocolitis and enteric fevers
Salmonella
The most common manifestation of salmonellosis
Gastroenteritis/Enterocolitis
The most severe form of enteric fever
Typhoid fever
Rose spots
Pea soup stool
S. typhi
Currant jelly-like sputum
K. pneumoniae
Rusty sputum
S. pneumoniae
The only shigella that is positive for ODC and ONPG
S. sonnei
MUG negative
E. coli O157:H7
Emits dirty, musty odor like that of potatoes
Serratia odorifera
Resembles E. cloacae but can be differentiated by its YELLOW PIGMENT, WHICH INTENSIFIES at 25C
Enterobacter sakazakii
The only species of citrobacter that is H2S(+)
C. freundii
Source of OX-2 and OX-19
P. vulgaris
Source of OX-K
P. mirabilis
STALACTITE PATTERN appearance on broth culture.
Rough, cauliflower appearance at 48 hours on BAP
Y. pestis
Indole test detects what enzyme?
Tryptophanase
Indole test reagent
PDAB
An indole test preferred for Anaerobes?
Ehrlich
An indole test preferred for Enterobacteria
Kovac
Principle: Mixed acid fermentation pathway
Medium: Clark and Lubs medium
Methyl Red test
Principle: Butylene glycol pathway
Detects: ACETOIN
Positive: RED
Reagents: a-napthol, 40% KOH
Voges Proskauer
Positive and negative result in Citrate test
Positive: BLUE
Negative: GREEN
Entrobacter spp. which is LDC and ODC positive
E. aerogenes
At which pH does the Methyl Red test becomes positive
4.5
Below 4.4 methyl red becomes RED
Phenol red test becomes positive at pH?
6.8
Putrescine is an alkaline amine product of what bacterial enzyme?
Ornithine decarboxylase
Cadaverine is an alkaline amine product of what enzyme?
Lysine decarboxylase
Citrulline is an alkaline amine product of what bacterial enzyme?
Arginine decarboxylase
Malonate test used to differentiate which members of Enterobacteriaciae?
Salmonella subgroups 2,3 (former Arizona)
Causes clear stool
Vibrio cholerae
Shooting star motility
Vibrio spp. except V. metschnikovii
Kommabacillus
Rice watery stool
String test positive (0.5% sodium desoxycholate)
Pfeiffer’s phenomenon
V. cholera
Uses 2% sodium desoxycholate (bile solubility test)
S. pneumoniae
Enrichment medium for V. cholerae
Alkaline peptone water (pH 8.4)
Selective media for V. cholera
TCBS
Halophilic and sucrose fermenter
Yellow on TCBS
Vibrio alginolyticus
Halophilic and non-sucrose fermenter
Green on TCBS
exhibits KANAGAWA phenomenon (wagatsuma agar)
V. parahaemolyticus
Non-halophilic
Non-sucrose fermenter (GREEN on TCBS)
V. mimicus
A characteristics that separates Vibrio spp. from the Enterobacteriaceae
Oxidase +
Causes red leg disease in frogs
Bull’s eye colonies on CIN
A. hydrophila (water loving)
The only OXIDASE positive member of family Enterobacteriaceae
Triple positive: LDC, ODC, ADH
Plesiomonas
The most common cause of BACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS worldwide
Associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome (ascending paralysis)
Campylobacter jejuni
-Gram (-), curved, S-shaped or gull-winged.
-MICROAEROPHILIC
-Grows at 42C
-CPOP
-Darting motility/Single polar flagella
Skirrow’s medium, Butzler’s selective medium, Blaser’s medium
C. jejuni
Most commonly used nonculture method for the diagnosis of H. pylori
Urea Breath Test
Resistant to O/129, cannot grow in 6% NaCl broth
Aeromonas hydrophila
-Leading cause of nosocomial respiratory tract infections.
- Agent of ecthyma gangrenosum
-Agent of Whirlpool dermatitis / “Jacuzzi” Hot Tub Syndrome / Businessman’s syndrome
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Agent of swimmer’s ears (mild otitis externa)
Agent of the blue green pus
Keratitis associated with contaminated contact lens solution
Odor: grape like
Culture (centrimide agar) Serrated confluent growth
P.aeruginosa
Mucoid colonies seen in cystic fibrosis patients. (Gun-metal color)
P.aeruginosa
IMViC result of P. aeruginosa
- +
2 complication of cystic fibrosis
Earthy odor/dirt-like odor on bap
Onion bulb rot in plants
Foot rot in humans
Burkholderia cepacia
A respiratory tract zoonosis primarily affecting livestock such as horses, mules and donkeys.
Non-motile
Glanders disease
Glanders disease is caused by?
Burkholderia mallei
Cause of melioidosis
B. pseudomallei
Aka Vietnamese time bomb/ Whitmore’s bacillus.
Bipolar staining on Gram stained smear
B. pseudomallei
Fruity odor resembling apple or strawberries.
CPOP
Asaccharolytic
Alkaligenes faecalis
Pigment us VIOLACEIN
CPOP
Ammonium cyanide odor in SBA/BAP
Chromobacterium violaceum
Weak positive under glucose OF open tube test
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
A nonfermenter recovered from eye wound is oxidase positive, motile with polar monotrichous flagella and grows @ 42C. Colonies are dry, wrinkled or smooth, buff to light brown color and are difficult to remove from the agar.
Pseudomonas stutzeri
Dew drop colonies on staphylococcal streak.
#2 cause of Otitis media
Associated with epiglottitis
Haemophilus influenzae/Pfeiffer’s bacillus
Most invasive serologic group of Haemophilus?
H. influenzae tybe b (Hib)
Chancroid/Soft chancre
Gram stain: School of fish/railroad tracks/finger print appearance
H. ducreyi
HOCKEY PUCK
M. catarrhalis
H. ducreyi
Pink eye and Brazilian purpuric fever
Haemophilus aegyptius/Koch weeks bacillus
The only X-factor requiring Haemophilus
H. ducreyi
A soft chancre caused by H. ducreyi (painfull)
Chancroid
Indurated or rubbery caused of T. pallidum (painless)
Chancre
Cat bite fever
Etiologic agent of shipping fever (cattles)
Pasteurella
Culture media: Castaneda (biphasic medium)
B. abortus
Biologic agent of tularemia (fever)
Rabbit fever
Francisella tularensis
Culture media: Regan-Lowe Agar/Charcoal, cephalexin blood agar (CCBA)
Bordetella pertussis
Mercury droplets/aluminum paint/ Pearls
B. pertussis
Inhabits the respiratory tract of dogs (kennel cough)
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Requires L-cysteine for growth
Legionella
Febrile disease with pneumonia
Legionnaires’ disease
Febrile disease without pulmonary involvement
Pontiac fever
Cultured in BCYE
Colonies: Ground glass appearance (central), pink or light blue (periphery)
Mahon: Ground glass
Bailey: Outglass
Legionella
Specimen used for Legionella isolation?
Bronchial washing
Etiologic agent of Legionnaires’ Disease and Pontic fever
L. pneumophilia
Agent of Pittsburg pneumonia
L. micdadei
Agents of atypical pneumonia/ Walking pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumonia
L. pneumophilia
Agent of rat bite fever
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Rat bite fever/ SODOKU
Spirillum minus
Anaerobic bacteria associated with inflammatory process in acne
Bifidobacterium
Microorganism will grow only on culture media supplemented with either cysteine or cystine
Francisella tularensis
Erythromycin eye drops are routinely administered to infants to prevent
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Aka Kleb Loeffler’s bacillus
CPOP
Pseudomembrane in the throat
Bull’s neck
Club shaped
Chinese letter, palisades
Metachromatic granules/Volutin granules/Babe-Ernst granules
Non-motile
Corynebacterium diphteria
Loeffler’s serum slant: POACHED EGG colonies
Cystine-tellurite blood agar (CTBA)
Skin test: Schick test (+): ERYTHEMA
In vivo: Guinea pig inoculation (+): Death
In vitro: Elek’s test (+): precipitin line
C. diphtheria
In tinsdale agar: black colonies with brown HALO indicates:
C. diphtheria
C. ulcerans
C. pseudo-tuberculosis
Test: Arrow head zone of ENHANCED hemolysis
CAMP
Arrowhead zone of NO hemolysis
Reverse CAMP
Nonmotile at 37C; motile at 25C
L. monocytogenes
Y. enterocolitca
CAMP +
Rectangular/Block shaped zone of hemolysis
End over end motility
“Umbrella” pattern (seen only at RT)
Culture media: McBride Agar
Pathogenicity test: Anton test
L. monocytogenes
Agent of purulent conjunctivitis or conjuctiva of rabbit
L. monocytogenes
Non-motile bacilli
CNON
TEST TUBE BRUSH-like or PIPE CLEANER
Erisipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Cause of erysipeloid/diamond cut
This organisms usually are inoculated through work activities (seal finger and whale finger)
E. rhusiopathiae
The only catalase negative, gram positive non spore forming rod that produces H2S
E. rhusiopathiae
Most prominent nocardia spp. human pathogen
N. asteroids
Causes cutaneous infections (actinomycotic mycetomas)
N. brasiliensis
Mycetomas caused by bacteria are called
Actinomycotic mycetomas
Mycetomas caused by fungi are known as
Eumycotic mycetomas
Lumpy jaw actinomycoses
Colony appear as “Molar tooth”
Actinomyces israelii
Catalase +
Spore form under aerobic conditions
Non-swollen sporangia
Bacillus
Catalase -
Spore form under anaerobic conditions
Swollen sporangia
Clostridium
Oval spores: Non-swollen, centrally located
Non-motile
Spore: Calcium dipicolinate
Capsule: Polypeptide (D-glutamic)
B. anthracis
Medusa Head
Comma shaped
Curled hair
Beaten egg white appearance
String of pearls
Inverted fir tree
B. anthracis
Most common biological indicator
Most common laboratory contaminant
Bacillus subtilis/Hay bacillus
Common cause of necrotizing fasciitis
C. perfringens
Lecithinase +
Reverse CAMP +
Nagler plate
Litmus milk: Stormy clot fermentation
C. perfringens
Snow shoe
Flaccid paralysis
C. botulinum
Antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis
Culture in CCFA (Horse barn odor and Yellow green fluorescence)
Clostridioides difficile
Virus: Adult gastroententeritis
Norwalk-like virus
Infants and young gastroenteritis
Rotavirus
Eosinophilic material seen in Sporotrichosis
Asteroid bodies
Brown black structures pathognomonic for chromoblastomycosis
Schlerotic bodies
A unicellular or multicellular spore that is not enclosed in a sac
Conidiospore
Candida spp exhibits spider or sagebrush colonies
C. parapsilosis
Sedimentation technique best used for the recovery of Trichinella spiralis
Acid-ether sedimentation
A member of subphylum Sarcodina characterized of having a large spherical karyosome surrounded by periendosome
Iodamoeba
Caused flask-shaped or tear-drop shaped ulcerations
E. histolytica
Parasite concomitant with Pinworm infection
D. fragilis
Lemon shaped cyst with a nipple shaped anterior
C. mesnili
Diagnostic stage of Leismania
Promastigote
This parasite takes up hogs as a reservoir host
Balantidum coli
This parasite causes a characteristic “wide mouth and rounded base”ulceration
B. coli
It is the actively dividing forms parasite by multiple fission
Schizont
Test used for the detection of toxoplasmosis
Sabin-Feldman dye test
What parasite causes Oxyuriasis
Enterobius vermicularis
The only gram positive bacteria with endotoxin
L. monocytogenes
Definitive host of malarial parasites
Vector: Mosquito (female anopheles)
Intermediate host of malarial parasites?
Man
What is the infective stage the IH of malarial parasites
Sporozoites
What is the infective stage to the definitive host of malarial parasites?
Gametocyte
Diagnostic stage to the intermediate host of malarial parasites
Gametocytes
Infective stage of protozoan parasites
Cyst
Infective stage of T. vaginalis
Trophozoite
Infective stage of plasmodium
Sporozoite
Infective stage of trypanosoma
Trypomastigote
Infective stage of Leishmania
Promastigote
Nematodes
Infective stage is Embryonated Egg
A. lumbricoides
T. trichuria
H. nana
E. vermicularis
Capillaria hepatica
Nematodes
Infective stage is LARVA
T. spiralis
C. philippinensis
Infective stage for S. stercoralis and Hookworm spp.
Filariform larva
Infective stage for Filaria
3rd stage larva
Schistosoma infective stage
Cercaria
Trematodes
Infective stage is Metacercaria
E. ilocanum
P. westermani
F. hepatica
F. buski
C. sinensis
O. felineus
Hetrophyids
The first larval stage of a trematode which is hatched from an egg often ciliated and free-swimming is known as:
Miracidium
Tooth brush like conidiosphores
Acremonium
