Bacteriological And Mycological Methods Flashcards
What are the 3 phases of the Diagnostic cycle:
- Preanalytical phase
- Analytical phase
- Post-analytical phase
What occurs in the Pre-analytical phase:
- Patient admission
- Examination
- Sampling
- Data marking
- Transport of sample
- Laboratory
What occurs in Analytical phase:
- Macroscopy
- Microscopy
- Cultivation
- Molecular analysis
- Serology
- Biochemical identification
What occurs in Post-analytical phase:
- Report from the analysis
- Specific treatment
Bacterial infections affect:
- Skin, eye, ear, mouth, nose
- Reproductive system
- Digestive system
- Respiratory system
- Urinary system
- Nervous system
- Circulatory system
- Locomotion organs
What are the effects of bacterial infections: (5)
- Bacteremia (blood)
- Septicemia (harmful waste products in blood
- Toxemia (toxins in blood)
- Toxico infection
- Intoxications
What are the 3 types of bacteria:
- Cocci (pneumonia and sepsis)
- Bacilli (many serious diseases)
- Spirila (Leptospirosis, Vibrosis and Spirochetosis)
- Live well in reproductive tracts, require moist atmosphere
Why do we need diagnosis:
- prognosis, treatment, initiate appropriate control measures, take suitable preventative steps, understand epidemiology, know disease history, risk assessment and control for international trade
Antibiotics were once thought to be:
Able to eliminate/cure all pathogenic bacterial infections, but multidrug-resistant pathogens proved them wrong
- antibacterial drug resistance is more natural than induced
What are the 5 principles of antibiotic use:
- Either not use them or try to avoid, unless essential
- Not use many at a time
- Use specific antibiotics rather than broad-spectrum
- Finish the course
- Never use antibiotics reserved for human use
Diagnosis can be done:
- Pen-side (portable test, field test, on side test)
- At clinic
- At laboratory
Laboratory examination: (6)
- Microscopy
- Culture techniques
- Biochemical reactions
- Serological identification
- Molecular biology techniques
- Bacteriophage typing
What are the types of sampling:
- Sterile (blood, CSF, body fluids)
- Non-sterile (Resp. tract, ear, eye, mouth, skin, urine, feces)
Microorganisms can be examined microscopically for:
- Bacterial motility (hanging drop method)
- Morphology and staining reactions of bacteria (simple, gram and ziehl-neelsen stain)
Indicative colouring informs about:
The presence, number, shape and arrangement of bacteria
