Bacterial Transcription Flashcards

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1
Q

RNA polymerase synthesises:

A

An RNA copy of the gene, using the antisense strand as a template

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2
Q

An example of an allosteric protein is:

A

The lac repressor

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3
Q

For which nitrogenous base does DNA substitute thymine?

A

Uracil

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4
Q

The process of making an RNA copy of a gene is:

A

Transcription

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5
Q

When cAMP levels are high in a cell:

A

Glucose levels are low

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6
Q

In bacterial genomes, the ‘minus 10’ region is:

A

Ten nucleotides upstream of a gene

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7
Q

Hairpin loop structures are found in:

A

mRNA

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8
Q

The operon is kept off in the presence of glucose by:

A

In the presence of glucose, cAMP is low. Thus, cAMP will not bind to CRP. CRP will not bind to region b, the CRP site, which is needed for RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter.

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9
Q

Inverted repeats make a:

A

Single-stranded loop and a double-stranded stem

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10
Q

When given a choice of sugars to metabolise, E. coli will:

A

Preferentially break down glucose first

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11
Q

The direction of synthesis is:

A

5’ to 3’ for both DNA and RNA

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12
Q

True or false: mRNA has a base sequence which is complementary to the anticoding strand of DNA.

A

False

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13
Q

A consensus sequence found in a bacterial promotor gene is:

A

An idealised sequence, which shares much sequence similarity for many genes

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14
Q

Transcription begins when:

A

RNA polymerase recognises a promotor sequence, binds to the DNA, and synthesises RNA from the 5’ end to the 3’ end of the new piece.

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15
Q

A high level of transcription can be achieved from the lac operon under the following conditions:

A

Low glucose, high cAMP, high lactose

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16
Q

The global activation of this operon is carried out by:

A

CRP in the presence of cAMP, which activates other operons as well

17
Q

RNA polymerase binds to ____________ to begin transcription.

A

A region of DNA 10 to 100 bp upstream of the first ATG, called the promoter

18
Q

The coding strand of DNA is also known as the:

A

Non-template strand

19
Q

Binding of maltose to its activator protein will ultimately:

A

Activate cellular maltose breakdown

20
Q

An ___________ is defined as a cluster of genes transcribed together to give a single molecule of RNA.

A

Operon

21
Q

When a repressor protein binds to the operator sequence:

A

Transcription of the downstream gene is inhibited