Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

D&D Infectious Disease Midterm > Bacterial Meningitis part 1 > Flashcards

Bacterial Meningitis part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

define bacterial meningitis

A

inflammation of meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord due to bacterial invasion to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is ESSENTIAL to ensure beneficial outcomes for bacterial meningitis

A

prompt recognition and early treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

survivors of bacterial meningitis may experience one or more…..

A

neurologic disabilities (seizures)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 ways in which bacteria can get into the CNS and cause bacterial meningitis

A

-hematogenous spread (thru blood - most common)

-contiguous spread (from sinusitis or otitis media – spreads to CNS)

-direct inoculation (head trauma or neurosurgery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

in one word, what is the clinical presentation of bacterial meningitis

A

ABRUPT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name the 3 things in the “classic triad” for the clinical presentation of bacterial meningitis

A

fever
nuchal (neck) rigidity
altered mental status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

clinical presentation of bacterial meningitis specifically in infants

A

bulging fontanelle - skull not fully developed yet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2 physical assessments that can be used to diagnose bacterial meningitis

A

Kernig’s sign – lifting leg

brudzinski’s neck sign – cant bring their head up while laying down without bending their knees bc of the inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what procedure can be done to get a CSF analysis to diagnose bacterial meningitis

A

a lumbar puncture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what will be the “appearance” and “opening pressure” of a CSF culture with bacterial meningitis

A

appearance will be purulent and cloudy (should be clear)

opening pressure will be elevated from normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what will the WBC count be in cells/mm cubed in a CSF culture infected with bacterial meningitis

A

greater than 500 cells/mm cubed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

in a CBC with differential, which WBC will be very elevated in a CSF sample affected by bacterial meningitis

A

NEUTROPHILS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how will the protein and glucose levels be in a CSF sample infected by bacterial meningitis

A

protein will be ELEVATED and glucose will be LOW (bc so many WBC being produced and bacteria itself all eat the glucose for food)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in a CSF sample infected with bacterial meningitis, how will the CSF: blood glucose ratio be

A

DECREASED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

aside from bacterial, what other meningitis can a person have

A

fungal or viral meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in lab tests, a sample of CSF infected with bacterial meningitis will have leukocytosis with ______ shift

A

left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

in SEVERE cases of bacterial meningitis, what will happen to WBC count

A

will have leukopenia (decreased WBC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which 2 cultures are done in a suspected case of bacterial meningitis??

when are antibiotics given in relation to these cultures?

A

CSF and blood cultures

must do these cultures BEFORE starting antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

will platelet count be affected by bacterial meningitis

A

YES will have thrombocytopenia (dec platelet count)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MOST bacterial meningitis cases are caused by which pathogen?

name 4 others

A

most - streptococcus pneumoniae

0thers - group b strep (agalactiae)
neisseria meningitidis
h. influenzae
listeria monocytogenes

others - gram negative organisms and staph

21
Q

streptococcus pneumonia is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in _______ of age

A

greater then 2 months

22
Q

streptococcal meningitis typically occurs how

A

results as a secondary infection from a primary infection like ear or sinus infections

ie - strep pneumo goes from ear to the CNS to cause bacterial meningitis

23
Q

what are some predisposing factors to STREPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS

A

pneumonia, endocarditis, CSF leak bc of head trauma, splenectomy, alcohol, sickle cell disease, bone marrow transplant

24
Q

what is the worldwide leading cause of NEONATAL meningitis

A

group B strep meningitis

bc of GI and genitourinary colonization in pregnant women, commonly by streptococcus agalactiae (25%0

25
Q

the term for a pregnant mother causing group b strep meningitis in her neonate is called….

A

vertical transmission

26
Q

what may be done to decrease the incidence of group B strep meningitis

A

universal prenatal screening

intrapartum (during birth) – give prophylactic group B strep antibiotics

27
Q

what is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis, PARTICULARLY in children and young adults??
what is the bacteria responsible?

A

MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS

caused by neisseria meningitidis

28
Q

what are the 5 primarily responsible serogroups of meningococcal meningitis

A

A, B, C, Y, W,-15

29
Q

Name some predisposing factors to MENINGOCOCCAL meningitis

A

smoking
HIV
asplenia
complement deficiency

30
Q

how is meningococcal meningitis easily distinctable from the others

A

the presence of a PETECHIA RASH

31
Q

how is meningococcal meningitis spread

A

its VERY CONTAGIOUS

can be spread person-person contact from respiratory droplets and pharyngeal secretions

CLOSE CONTACTS INCREASED RISK OF GETTING — NEED TO TAKE CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS TO PREVENT

32
Q

Which type of meningitis used to be the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in 6months-3years but has declined bc of vaccination?

A

haemophilus influenza type B meningitis

33
Q

haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis is associated with what 3 other conditions

A

middle ear infection
paranasal sinus infection
CSF leakage

34
Q

listeria monocytogenes is gram (+) or (-)???
what shape???

A

gram positive rod

35
Q

listeria monocytogenes primarily affects which populations??

how is it transmitted?

A

neonates, alcoholics, immunocompromised (inc pregnant), and elderly 50 and up

transmitted by colonization of the GI tract - FOODBORNE ILLNESS
can be caused by soft cheeses and unpasteurized raw produce, coleslaw, ready to eat foods, raw beef and poulty

36
Q

name some characteristics of gram negative meningitis

A

UNCOMMON - but increasingly its a cause of bacterial meningitis in NOSOCOMIAL SETTINGS

37
Q

what are the 2 most common gram negative organisms responsible for bacterial meningitis in adults? what about neonates?

A

adults - e. coli and pseduomonas

neonates - e. coli and klebsiella pneumoniae

38
Q

what is the most important independent factor associated with higher risk of gram (-) meningitis in adults?

A

URINARY TRACT INFECTION

39
Q

3 main likely organisms to cause bacterial meningitis in NEONATES (less than 1 month)

A

group b strep
enteric gram (-) - like e. coli
listeria monocytogenes

40
Q

4 most likely pathogens to cause bacterial meningitis in infants and children (1 month-23 months)

A

step pneumoniae
neisseria meningitidis
h. influenzae
group B strep (still some but not as many as neonates)

41
Q

2 pathogens most likely to cause bacterial meningitis in children and adults (2-50 yrs)

A

nesseria meningitidis
streptococcus pneumoniae

42
Q

4 pathogens most likely to cause bacterial meningitis in adults greater than 50

A

listeria monocytogens
streptococcus pneumonia
neisseria meningitidis
enteric gram negatives (bc of hospital exposure)

43
Q

when CSF and blood cultures are sent to be tested for suspected bacterial meningitis, empiric antibiotics are started based on what?????

A

AGE – most likely organisms to affect based on age

44
Q

aside from age, there is also a chart for most likely pathogens based on CONDITION

name the 3 conditions

A

closed head trauma
penetrating trauma or post neurosurgery
CSF shunt

45
Q

in penetrating trauma or post neurosurgery, name 5 organisms we would want to cover empirically

A

NOSOCOMIAL—

pseudomonas
gram negative bacilli (e. coli and klebsiella)
staph epi
staph aureus

46
Q

in CSF shunt, name 4 organisms we would want to cover empirically

A

staph epi
staph aureus
gram negative bacilli
p. acnes

47
Q

in closed head trauma, name 3 organisms we would want to cover empirically

A

step pneumoniae
h. influenzae
group A beta-hemolytic streptococci

48
Q

*in children <28 days of age and adults >50 years, empiric coverage of what pathogen is recommended

A

listeria monocytogenes!!

49
Q
A

D&D Infectious Disease Midterm (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions