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Infectious disease > Bacterial infections II - anaerobes > Flashcards

Bacterial infections II - anaerobes Flashcards

1
Q

g+ anaerobic infections

A
  1. actinomyces
  2. peptostreptococcus
  3. propionibacterium
  4. clostridia
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2
Q

what g+ anaerobe is most common with H&N infections, intra-abd infections, and aspiration pneumonia

A

actinomyces

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3
Q

what g+ anaerobe is most common in oral infections

A

peptostreptococcus

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4
Q

what g+ anaerobe is most common in foreign body infections

A

propionibacterium

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5
Q

presentation of anaerobic infections

A
  1. abscess with tissue necrosis
  2. suppurative/purulent
  3. foul odor
    usually invades deep organ/tissues
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6
Q

general tx for anaerobic infections

A

based on mixed anaerobic infection!
1. drainage and debridement!!
-fistula tract excision

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7
Q

abx for oral/throat/neck G+ anaerobic infection? G-?

A
  1. G+
    - clinda
    - Amoxicillin / Clavulanic acid (augmentin)
    - Ampicillin / Sulbactam (unasyn)
  2. G-
    - clinda
    - metronidazole
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8
Q

3 abx for GI/pelvic anaerobic g+ infection

A
  • moxifloxacin
  • ertapenem or ceftriaxone PLUS etronidazole (mod/severe)
  • imipenem (severe)
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9
Q

3 abx for lung anaerobic abscess

A
  • ampicillin-sulbactam (unasyn)
  • carbapenem
  • clinda
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10
Q

abx for lung anaerobic aspiration

A

+ outpatient
- augmentin or doxy
+ inpatient
1. amp-sulbactam (unaysn)
2. metronidazole + amoxil/Pen G

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11
Q

what abx is given for dental procedure prophylaxis

A

PCN or amoxicillin

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12
Q

what abx is given for dental and minor procedures for endocarditis prophylaxis

A

amoxicillin

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13
Q

what abx are given for colorectal surgery prophylaxis

A
  1. metronidazole + 2/3gen cephalo or Cipro
  2. carbapenems
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14
Q

what is the most common species that causes clostridial soft tissue infections

A

C. perfringens
- cellulitis
- myositis
- gas gangrene

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15
Q

tissue creptius is commonly seen in?

A

clostridial soft tissue infection

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16
Q

what makes clostridia cultures different from other anaerobes?

A

rapid producers - cultures can be positive in 6hrs

17
Q

tx for clostridial soft tissue infection

A
  1. drainage and debridement
  2. pip/taz + clinda to cover strep and clostridium; then change to PCN + clinda if only clostridia
  3. hyperbaric treatment
18
Q

s/s of c. perfringens gastroenteritis

A

MILD gastroenteritis - fever and vomiting is unusual
self-limiting (24h)

19
Q

what disease is caused by spores entering a wound and travels to peripheral nerve endings, causing muscle stimulation

A

tetanus

20
Q

7 clinical presentations of tetanus

A
  1. jaw stiffness
  2. difficulty swallowing
  3. stiff neck, arms, and/or legs
  4. HA
  5. tonic muscle spasms
  6. difficulty opening jaw (trismus)
  7. rsp failure due to spasm of diaphragm/laryngeal spasm
21
Q

tx for tetanus

A

tetanus immune globulin (HTIG) IM within 24 HRS OF PRESENTATION
full series of tetanus vaccine
PCN or metronidazole
Supportive care - rsp, msk
wound debridement

22
Q

what are the effects/complications of botulism

A

NS - dry mouth, slurred speech, dysphagia
blurred vision, drooping eyelids
progressively worsening neurologic symptoms
Rsp failure (major complication)

23
Q

tx for botulism

A

antitoxin - from CDC
supportive care
- rsp care - endotracheal tube
- GI/nutrition care - NG tube
PCN G or metronidazole (wound)

24
Q

common presentation of C. difficle

A

diarrhea - frequent, watery, sometimes bloody
N/V RARE

25
Q

How do you diagnose C. diff

A

stool sample
- leukocytes present

26
Q

tx for C. diff

A

fidaxomicin, vancomycin
(mild to severe)

27
Q

4 g- anaerobic infections

A
  1. bacteroides
  2. fusobacterium
  3. porphyromonas
  4. prevotella
28
Q

abx for g- GI/pelvic abscess

A

extended spectrum PCNs
- pip/taz
- carbapenems
- metronidazole + cephalo

29
Q

what is the most common cause of vaginal discharge

A

bacterial vaginosis

30
Q

what anaerobe is most prevalent for bacterial vaginosis

A

gardnerella

31
Q

presentation and diagnosis of BV

A
  1. thin, off-white/grayish vaginal discharge
  2. fishy smell
    ….
  3. elevated pH
  4. clue cells present
  5. positive KOH (whiff test)
32
Q

3 tx for BV

A
  1. metronidazole
  2. clinda
  3. tinidazole (not common)

oral preferred!!!

Infectious disease (15 decks)

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