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Bacterial Infections > Bacterial infections-Andrews/Bolognia > Flashcards

Bacterial infections-Andrews/Bolognia Flashcards

1
Q

Why do gram positive bacteria stain purple/violet?

A

Thick layer of Peptidoglycan in the cell wall does not let crystal violet wash out

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2
Q

What is beta hemolysis?

A

complete lysis of red cells surrounding the colony

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3
Q

What is alpha hemolysis?

A

partial or “green” hemolysis associated with reduction of red cell hemoglobin.

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4
Q

Is group A strep usually beta or alpha hemolytic?

A

Beta hemolytic

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5
Q

A painful, erythematous nodule with pale center located on fingertips, thenar, and hypothenar eminences in bactremia/septicemia/endocarditis?

A

Osler Node (OUCHY)-From immune complex deposition and small vessel vasculitis

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6
Q

A non-tender, angular hemorrhagic lesions on palms and soles in bactremi/septicemia/endocarditis?

A

Janeway lesions-septic emboli forming microabscesses

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7
Q

What is the pathogenesis of community acquired MRSA?

A

Altered penicillin binding protein (PBP) called PBP2a-site where antibiotics bind to interrupt cell wall,
Virulence-Panton-valentine leukocidin (PVL)-Pore forming cytotoxin – can cause destruction of leukocytes and tissue necrosis

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of folliculitis? Associated with swimming pools and jacuzzi’s? Associated with long term antibiotic therapy such as for acne or rosacea?

A

Staph aureus, pseudomonas, gram-negatives

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9
Q

What is the name for a superficial folliculitis? Deep folliculitis?

A

Bockhart’s impetigo, sycosis barbae

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10
Q

What is the most common causes of pygenic paronychia if there is abscess formation? If erythema and swelling? Chronic swelling?

A

Staph Aureus, Strep pyogenes, candida

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11
Q

What is the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon

A

granule consisting of non-filamentous bacteria in a hyaline matrix w/ IgG and Complement C3 in “bunch of grapes” cluster,eosinophilic periphery with basophilic center in Botryomycosis?

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of botryomycosis?

A

Staph Aureus

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13
Q

What is the most common cause of pyomyositis? What is the most common location in kids and in the tropics? Most common location in temperate areas, HIV, DM, IVDA?

A

Staph aureus, thigh, deltoid

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14
Q

In impetigo contagiosa what types are related to nephritis?

A

M type 2

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15
Q

In bullous impetigo what causes the reaction?

A

exfoliative toxins A & B - S. aureus, group 2 phage type 71 (or 55); that bind to desmoglein 1 on the extracellular domain

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16
Q

What causes staph scalded skin syndrome?

A

S. Aureus exfoliative toxins A & B from group 2 phage strains 55 & 71 bind to desmoglein 1

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17
Q

What causes toxic shock syndrome?

A

S. Aureus exotoxin (TSST-1 toxin) superantigen or group A strep M types 1 & 3-exotoxin A 80% of the time

18
Q

What causes scarlet fever?

A

Exotoxin via group A b-hemolytic strep types A, B, and C that leads to a delayed hypersensitivity rxn

19
Q

What is Fournier’s gangrene?

A

Localized type of necrotizing fasciitis (type 1-polymicrobial) of scrotum or penis

20
Q

What is Meleney’s gangrene?

A

polymicrobial necrotizing faciitis as a complication to surgical trauma

21
Q

What are the tree types of necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Type I – polymicrobial
TypeII – group A streptococcal
Type III – gas gangrene or clostridial myonecrosis

22
Q

What streptococcal species is common cause of meningitis and sepsis in the neonate?

A

Strep agalactiae

23
Q

What streptococcal species would you be concerned about in the hands of a fisherman?

A

Streptococcus iniae

24
Q

If you saw purple swelling in the finger webs but sparing the phalanges in a fishermen what would you be thinking?

A

Erysipeloid of Rosenbach caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

25
Q

What is the pathogenesis of bacillus anthracis?

A

Polyglutamic acid capsule – inhibits phagocytosis
Two EXOTOXINS:
Edema toxin= Edema Factor (EF) + Protective Antigen (PA)
Affects water homeostasis leading to edema through increased cAMP levels
Lethal toxin = Lethal Factor (LF) +PA
Causes shock and death by realease of TNF -alpha and IL-1beta

26
Q

In erythrasma what causes the coral-red fluorescence w/ Wood’s lamp (365 nm)?

A

Coproporphyrin III

27
Q

What causes erythrasma?

A

Corynebacterium minutissimum

28
Q

What causes pitted keratolysis?

A

Corynebacterium; Kytococcus (Micrococcus) sendentarius-Elaborates serine proteases K1 and K2  keratin-degrading serine proteases that destroy the S.Corneum

29
Q

What causes trichomycosis axillaris?

A

Corynebacteria tenuis

30
Q

What is the mechanism that causes gas gangrene?

A

α-toxin – biological activity similar to phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase
Perfringolysin – disrupts endothelial cell integrity, impairs recruitment of phagocytes, and induces intravascular platelet aggregation
from C. perfringens (most common)

31
Q

What do you use to treat actinomyces? Nocardia?

A

SNAP-Sulfa(bactrim) for nocardia, actinomyces use penicillin G

32
Q

What is the strongest risk factor for recurrence of erysipelas/cellulitis in the lower extremity?

A

lymphedema

33
Q

What is catalase?

A

enzyme that serves to protect the cell from toxic effects of high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by catalyzing its decomposition into molecular oxygen and water, without the production of free radicals

34
Q

What clinical feature helps you differentiate between sycosis barbae (vulgaris) from tinea barbae?

A

Tinea barbae never involves the upper lip where sycosis barbae (vulgaris) usually does

35
Q

Differential Dx of Slendore-Hoeppli immune complex deposition?

A 
Actinomycosis
Mycetoma
Sarcoid
Botryomycosis
Sporotrichosis
Nocardia
35
Q

What are pastia lines and it is associated with what?

A

accentuation over skin folds, linear petechial eruption, usually antecubital or axillary folds
associated with Scarlet Fever

36
Q

What are pastia lines and it is associated with what?

A

accentuation over skin folds, linear petechial eruption, usually antecubital or axillary folds
associated with Scarlet Fever

38
Q

What is the treatment for listeriosis?

A

AMPICILLIN or bactrim

39
Q

What is the differential for Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon ?

A 
Actinomycosis
Mycetoma
Sarcoid
Botryomycosis
Sporotrichosis
Nocardia
40
Q

What is the criteria for diagnosing rheumatic fever?

A

Two major criteria, or one major and two minor criteria, and signs of a previous strep infection

41
Q

What are the major criteria in diagnosing rheumatic fever?

A

Arthritis in several joints (polyarthritis)
Heart inflammation (carditis)
Nodules under the skin (subcutaneous skin nodules)
Rapid, jerky movements (chorea, Sydenham chorea)
Skin rash (erythema marginatum)

42
Q

What are the minor criteria in diagnosing rheumatic fever?

A

Fever
High ESR
Joint pain
Other laboratory findings

Bacterial Infections (3 decks)

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