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PEBC > Bacterial infections > Flashcards

Bacterial infections Flashcards

1
Q

rank the highest to lowest hearing loss risk organisms for meningitis

A

S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae

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2
Q

what is the clinical presentation- 3 core sx of meningitis

A

stiff neck, fever, altered mental status

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3
Q

which meningitis bacteria require post exposure prophylaxis?

A

H. influenzae and N. meningiditis

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4
Q

when should dexamethasone be given in meningitis

A

before or with first dose of empiric abx

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5
Q

should empiric IV abx be given before or after lumbar puncture

A

after

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6
Q

in pts <1mth, what is the recommended empiric tx for meningitis

A

ampicillin + cefotaxime or AMG

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7
Q

in pts 1mth-50yrs, what is the preferred tx for meningitis

A

cefotaxime/ ceftriaxone + vancomycin

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8
Q

in pts >50yrs or with immunocomp, what is the preferred tx for meningitis

A

cefotaxime/ ceftriaxone + vancomycin + ampicillin

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9
Q

which cephalosporins are beta lactamase resistant

A

3rd gen

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10
Q

how long to tx H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae causing meningitis after obtaining culture results

A

targeted tx for 7-10d

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11
Q

how long to tx meningitis caused by N. meningitidis, with what?

A

5-7d with 3rd gen cephalosporin or pen G

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12
Q

what should be given as post exposure prophylaxis in H. influenza or S. pneumoniae meningitis

A

rifampin
ceftriaxone if pregnant

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13
Q

what is the most common cause of uncomplicated UTI

A

E. coli

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14
Q

what is the frequency considered recurrent or relapse UTI

A

2x/6mths or 3x/yr

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15
Q

what are the 3 most common pathogens in UTI

A

enterobacterales (-)
staphylococcus saprophyticus (+)
enterococcus (-)

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16
Q

what are some indications fro culture in UTI

A

pregnancy, pyelonephritis, complicated UTI, bacterial prostatitis, early recurrence <1mth, failure to response to empirical tx

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17
Q

what is 1st line tx for uncomplicated cystitis

A

nitrofurantoin x5d
TMP/SMX x3d
fosfomycin 3g x 1 dose

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18
Q

what is 1st line tx for complicated cystisis

A

TMP/SMX
amoxi/clav
cefixime
fluoroquinolones (levo/cipro)

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19
Q

which FQ should not be used in cystitis

A

moxifloxacin - doesn’t penetrate into urine

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20
Q

what is 1st line tx for uncomplicated pyelo

A

FQs (cipro/levo) x5-7d

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21
Q

what may be used for post coital UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP/SMX, macrobid, cephalexin, FQ 2hrs after sex

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22
Q

T or F: asymptomatic bacteremia should be treated in pregnancy

A

T- use amoxi/clav, cephalexin, or ceftriaxone

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23
Q

which of the following should be avoided in preg
1. macrobid
2. TMP/SMX
3. ceftriaxone
4. 1+2

A

4

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24
Q

how long is the treatment for adults vs children in sinusitis

A

adults = 5-10d
children = 10-14d

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25
Q

what is 1st line for adults and children for uncomplicated acute sinusitis

A

adults: amoxicillin SD (HD if RF)
children: amoxicillin HD div BID

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26
Q

what is tx duration for AOM =>2yrs or <2/ relapse/ perf TM

A

=>2yrs = 5d
<2yrs/ relapse/ perf TM= 10d

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27
Q

when is HD amoxicillin recommended for AOM

A

if <2yrs, daycare, abx i nlast 3mths

28
Q

what are alt tx for lief threatening penicillin allergies in AOM

A

clarithomycin, azithromycin, clindamycin

29
Q

what are alts for AOM for nonlife threatening penicillin allergy

A

ceftriaxone or cefuroxime

30
Q

what is the common cause of AOM w/ purulent conjunctivitis

A

H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis

31
Q

what is the key sx of tuberculosis

A

consumption

32
Q

what is 1st and 2nd line tx for latent TB + duration

A

rifampin x4mths
isoniazid x9 mths

33
Q

what are the durations for active TB tx

A

intensive phase = 2mths
continuous phase = 4 or 7 mths

34
Q

what tx used in intensive TB tx

A

RIPE
RIE if risk hepatotoxicity for >75yrs

35
Q

when to use RIE instead of RIPE

A

if risk hepatotoxicity or >75yrs

36
Q

what is tx for continuation phase of TB tx

A

R + I
4mths if perfect RIPE + culture conversion

7 mths if imperfect or no PZA

37
Q

_________ is given to prevent peripheral neuropathy in high risk pops in both latent and active TB- esp in those using INH

A

pyridoxine

38
Q

how long to tx extrapulmonary TB? with what?

A

RIPE for 1-1.5yrs

39
Q

how to modify RIPE tx if pt has HIV coinfxn

A

use rifabutin isntead of RMP to decrease DDI
at least 8 mths tx required if pt not on ARVs
delay ART if tx CNS TB

40
Q

hwo to tx active TB in pregnancy

A

RIE

41
Q

how to tx latent TB in pregnancy

A

low risk = wait till 3mths postpartum
otherwise rifampin x4mths (pref) or INH (monitor hepatotoxicity)
+ supplement w/ pyridoxine

42
Q

rank the following on hepatotoxicity: RIPE

A

P > I > R >E

43
Q

which tuberculosis drug is associated with peripheral neuropathy

A

INH

44
Q

which TB drug is associated with discoloration of bodily fluids

A

rifamycins

45
Q

which TB drug is associaed with red/green vision changes

A

EMB

46
Q

refer if cough goes longer than

A

14d

47
Q

what is the bacteria that causes strep

A

group A beta hemolytic streptococci

48
Q

T or F: strep does not need to be tx in children

A

F- must be tx to decrease risk of rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis

49
Q

what are the criteria of the modified centor score

A

temp >38
no cough
lymph nodes swollen
tonsillar swelling
age 3-14

2-3 = do culture or RADT
4 = start abx then do culture

50
Q

what is typical tx for strep

A

amoxicillin or pen VK or pen G

cephalexin x10d

51
Q

what is empiric tx for CAP outpt

A

doxycycline, amoxicillin, macrolide (azithro or clarithro)

52
Q

what is empiric tx for CAP outpatient with modifying factors

A

beta lactam (amoxi/clav or 2nd gen cephalosporin) + macrolide/ doxycycline
or respiratory FQ (levo/ moxi)

53
Q

what are some abx for pseudomonas coverage for inpt/ ICU pneumonia

A

pip/taz or cefepime, or meropenem, or ceftazidine + cipro/ levofloxacin

54
Q

what is inpatient non ICU tx for CAAP

A

respiratory FQ
beta lactam (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, or amoxi/clav) + macrolide

55
Q

which abx cover legionella in CAP

A

azithro/clarithro

56
Q

what are some tx options for HAP w/out MRSA

A

PIP/TAZO, cefepime, levofloxacin, meropenem, imipenem

57
Q

what are some tx options for HAP w/ possible MRSA

A

PIP/TAZO, cefepime, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, imipenem, aztronam

+
vanco or linezolid

58
Q

what abx target pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

ceftazidime, pip/tazo, cipro, meropenem/ imipenem

59
Q

how long to tx CAP in adults vs children

A

adults: 5-7d
children; 7-10d

60
Q

how long to tx HAP/VAP

A

7d

61
Q

what should empiric tx always cover in diabetic foot infections

A

S. aureus and beta hemolytic streptococci

62
Q

when should you add anaerobe coverage in diabetic foot infections

A

if deep tissue affected, ischemic wounds, foul smell, ischemic/ necrotized tissue

63
Q

how long to tx mild diabetic foot infxn

A

1 wk

64
Q

what abx to tx localized diabetic foot infxn

A

cloxacillin, amoxi/calv, cephalexin, doxycycline

65
Q

what is considered severe C diff

A

WBC >15x10^9/L or SCr >133 mcmol/L

66
Q

what is typical H pylori tx

A

PAMC x14d
PPI + amoxi + clarithro + metro

PEBC (9 decks)

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