Bacterial Infections

Question 1

What is Pertussis also known as?

Answer 1

Whooping cough

Question 2

What organism causes Pertussis?

Answer 2

Bordetella Pertissus

Question 3

Which vaccine protects against Pertussis?

Answer 3

DPT vaccine

Question 4

Is Pertussis a notifiable disease?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

How should you confirm the diagnosis of Pertussis?

Answer 5

Naso-pharyngeal swab

Question 6

Which antibiotics are first line for Pertussis?

Answer 6

Macrolides - clarithromycin or erithromycin in pregnant women

Question 7

What organism causes Diphteria?

Answer 7

Corneyebacterium diptherium

Question 8

What are symptoms of Diphtheria?

Answer 8

Upper respiratory symptoms

GREY-WHITE throat

Question 9

Antibiotic for Diptheria?

Answer 9

Erythromycin

Question 10

What is scarlet fever?

Answer 10

A notifiable infection caused by immune reaction to Strep A bacteria

Question 11

Symptoms of scarlet fever?

Answer 11

Coarse red rash on neck and chest first, then legs.
Tonsillitis and strawberry tongue.

Remember, stawberry CERVIX caused by trichomoniasis

Question 12

Treatment for Scarlet Fever?

Answer 12

Penicillin

Azithromycin if allergic

Question 13

What is a big sign for epiglottis?

Answer 13

drooling!

Question 14

Investigations for suspected epiglotitis?

Answer 14

don’t touch the throat! Refer for urgent laryngoscopy.

Question 15

Which vaccine protects against epiglotitis?

Answer 15

Hib vaccine

Question 16

What are the risk factors for Legionnaire’s disease?

Answer 16

Travel, air conditioning, water tanks

Question 17

What blood test results would you see w Legionnaire’s disease?

Answer 17

Deranged LFTs

Low sodium

Question 18

First line AB for legionnaire’s?

Answer 18

Erythromycin or cipro or doxy

Question 19

What is Ix for legionnaires?

Answer 19

Gold standard is Sputum culture

Commonly used is urinary antigen

Question 20

What organism causes osteomyelitis in healthy patients?

Answer 20

Staph aureus

Question 21

What organism causes osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients?

Answer 21

S typhi

Question 22

Ix for osteomyelitis?

Answer 22

Blood cultures, xray, mri

Question 23

What is necrotising fasciitis?

Answer 23

group A strep infection of the fascia –> can leads to sepris and death in days

Diabetes, liver disease and immunocomp highest risk

Question 24

Treatment for necrotising fasciitis?

Answer 24

Surgical debribement and IV ABs

Question 25

What is fourniers gangrene?

Answer 25

quick progressing form of Nec Fas affecting genitals

Question 26

What organism causes Bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 26

Gardenella Vaginalis

Question 27

Sx of Bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 27

fishy odour, ph >4,5

Question 28

Treatment of Bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 28

Always treat, even if pregnant First line metronidazole - 400mg twice daily or vaginal met or vaginal clindamycin if preferred Second line is oral clindamycin or tinidazole

Question 29

What are Rickettsial diseases?

Answer 29

Diseases caused by gram negative cocco-bacilli

Question 30

What are examples of Rickettsial diseases?

Answer 30

Rocky mountain spotted fever - ricketsia ricketsi Endemic typhus - ricetsia prowazekii Scrub typhus - orientia tsutsugumushi Q fever - coxiella burnetii

Question 31

What is Rocky mountain spotted fever?

Answer 31

Ricketsiella disease caused by Ricketssia ricketsii | Rash that starts on palms, soles and trunk and spreads to chest

Question 32

What is Endemic Typhus?

Answer 32

Ricketsiella disease caused by ricketssia prowzaki | Rash spreads from trunk to legs - spares palms and soles

Question 33

What is Scrub Typhus

Answer 33

Ricketsiella diease caused by Orientia Tsutsumugashi | Causes indurated eschar

Question 34

What is Q fever?

Answer 34

Ricketsiella disease caused by coxsiella burnetii linked to ANIMALS Fever, pneunomia, hepatitis --> endocarditis

Question 35

What organism causes Leprosy?

Answer 35

Mycobacterium Leprae

Question 36

Symptoms of leprosy?

Answer 36

Lion face Peripheral neuropathy Thickened nerves --> eye damage Hypopigmented lesions with no sensation

Question 37

How is diagnosis of leprosy made?

Answer 37

Skin biopsy

Question 38

Drugs for leprosy?

Answer 38

If tubercoloid-leprosy, rifampicin and clofazimine for 6m | If lepromatous-leprosy, add dapsone for 2y

Question 39

What organism causes tetanus?

Answer 39

Clostridium tetani

Question 40

What are other clostridium strains and what do they cause?

Answer 40

C. diff = pseudomembranous colitis C. perfringens = gas gangrene C. botulinism = botulinism

Question 41

Features of tetanus?

Answer 41

Muscle spasms, lockjaw, risus sardonicus, opisthostonus

Question 42

What is risus sardonicus?

Answer 42

facial muscle spasm in tetanus - like a smile

Question 43

What is opisthostonus?

Answer 43

arched back in tetanus

Question 44

How does the tetanus toxin cause symptoms?

Answer 44

Stops release of GABA and glycine = increased muscle contractions

Question 45

Management of tetanus?

Answer 45

ITU support Human tetanus immunoglobulin - also give to patients with high risk wounds. If vacc unknown/not given, also give vaccine. Metronidazole