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Finals RP > Bacterial Infections > Flashcards

Bacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is Pertussis also known as?

A

Whooping cough

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2
Q

What organism causes Pertussis?

A

Bordetella Pertissus

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3
Q

Which vaccine protects against Pertussis?

A

DPT vaccine

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4
Q

Is Pertussis a notifiable disease?

A

Yes

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5
Q

How should you confirm the diagnosis of Pertussis?

A

Naso-pharyngeal swab

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6
Q

Which antibiotics are first line for Pertussis?

A

Macrolides - clarithromycin or erithromycin in pregnant women

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7
Q

What organism causes Diphteria?

A

Corneyebacterium diptherium

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8
Q

What are symptoms of Diphtheria?

A

Upper respiratory symptoms

GREY-WHITE throat

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9
Q

Antibiotic for Diptheria?

A

Erythromycin

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10
Q

What is scarlet fever?

A

A notifiable infection caused by immune reaction to Strep A bacteria

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11
Q

Symptoms of scarlet fever?

A

Coarse red rash on neck and chest first, then legs.
Tonsillitis and strawberry tongue.

Remember, stawberry CERVIX caused by trichomoniasis

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12
Q

Treatment for Scarlet Fever?

A

Penicillin

Azithromycin if allergic

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13
Q

What is a big sign for epiglottis?

A

drooling!

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14
Q

Investigations for suspected epiglotitis?

A

don’t touch the throat! Refer for urgent laryngoscopy.

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15
Q

Which vaccine protects against epiglotitis?

A

Hib vaccine

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16
Q

What are the risk factors for Legionnaire’s disease?

A

Travel, air conditioning, water tanks

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17
Q

What blood test results would you see w Legionnaire’s disease?

A

Deranged LFTs

Low sodium

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18
Q

First line AB for legionnaire’s?

A

Erythromycin or cipro or doxy

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19
Q

What is Ix for legionnaires?

A

Gold standard is Sputum culture

Commonly used is urinary antigen

20
Q

What organism causes osteomyelitis in healthy patients?

A

Staph aureus

21
Q

What organism causes osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients?

A

S typhi

22
Q

Ix for osteomyelitis?

A

Blood cultures, xray, mri

23
Q

What is necrotising fasciitis?

A

group A strep infection of the fascia –> can leads to sepris and death in days

Diabetes, liver disease and immunocomp highest risk

24
Q

Treatment for necrotising fasciitis?

A

Surgical debribement and IV ABs

25
Q

What is fourniers gangrene?

A

quick progressing form of Nec Fas affecting genitals

26
Q

What organism causes Bacterial vaginosis?

A

Gardenella Vaginalis

27
Q

Sx of Bacterial vaginosis?

A

fishy odour, ph >4,5

28
Q

Treatment of Bacterial vaginosis?

A

Always treat, even if pregnant

First line metronidazole - 400mg twice daily
or vaginal met or vaginal clindamycin if preferred

Second line is oral clindamycin or tinidazole

29
Q

What are Rickettsial diseases?

A

Diseases caused by gram negative cocco-bacilli

30
Q

What are examples of Rickettsial diseases?

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever - ricketsia ricketsi
Endemic typhus - ricetsia prowazekii
Scrub typhus - orientia tsutsugumushi
Q fever - coxiella burnetii

31
Q

What is Rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Ricketsiella disease caused by Ricketssia ricketsii

Rash that starts on palms, soles and trunk and spreads to chest

32
Q

What is Endemic Typhus?

A

Ricketsiella disease caused by ricketssia prowzaki

Rash spreads from trunk to legs - spares palms and soles

33
Q

What is Scrub Typhus

A

Ricketsiella diease caused by Orientia Tsutsumugashi

Causes indurated eschar

34
Q

What is Q fever?

A

Ricketsiella disease caused by coxsiella burnetii
linked to ANIMALS
Fever, pneunomia, hepatitis –> endocarditis

35
Q

What organism causes Leprosy?

A

Mycobacterium Leprae

36
Q

Symptoms of leprosy?

A

Lion face
Peripheral neuropathy
Thickened nerves –> eye damage
Hypopigmented lesions with no sensation

37
Q

How is diagnosis of leprosy made?

A

Skin biopsy

38
Q

Drugs for leprosy?

A

If tubercoloid-leprosy, rifampicin and clofazimine for 6m

If lepromatous-leprosy, add dapsone for 2y

39
Q

What organism causes tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani

40
Q

What are other clostridium strains and what do they cause?

A

C. diff = pseudomembranous colitis
C. perfringens = gas gangrene
C. botulinism = botulinism

41
Q

Features of tetanus?

A

Muscle spasms, lockjaw, risus sardonicus, opisthostonus

42
Q

What is risus sardonicus?

A

facial muscle spasm in tetanus - like a smile

43
Q

What is opisthostonus?

A

arched back in tetanus

44
Q

How does the tetanus toxin cause symptoms?

A

Stops release of GABA and glycine = increased muscle contractions

45
Q

Management of tetanus?

A

ITU support
Human tetanus immunoglobulin - also give to patients with high risk wounds. If vacc unknown/not given, also give vaccine.
Metronidazole

Finals RP (11 decks)

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