Bacterial Infection

Question 1

What is colonization?

Answer 1

Harmless inhabitation of skin or mucous membranes by symbiotic microorganisms

Question 2

What are the three crucial factors that determines whether an infection develops or not?

Answer 2

Pathogen, host receptor, favorable growth environment

Question 3

Loss of function results primarily from

Answer 3

Pain and edema

Question 4

What is virulence?

Answer 4

Speed of replication

Question 5

Iron is necessary for bacteria to multiply. It is incorporated into essential compounds such as

Answer 5

Cytochromes

Question 6

Infectious microorganism characteristics

Answer 6

Bacterial enzymes - spread
Encapsulation - prevent opsonization
Endospore formation - survival

Question 7

Gram+ bacteria that is the most frequent cause of bacterial keratitis and toxic shock syndrome

Answer 7

Exotoxins

Question 8

Gram- bacteria asso w/ lipopolysaccharide that activates almost every aspect of inflammation - causes immune response when lysed

Answer 8

Endotoxin

Septic shock = fever, vomiting, diarrhea, vascular collapse

Question 9

What holds cells together in biofilm?

Answer 9

Glycocalyx

Question 10

___ conferees resistance to antibiotics and host immune defenses.

Answer 10

Biofilm

Question 11

Bacteremia and septicemia are usually gram-. True or false?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Enzymes asso w/ toxigenicity

Answer 12

Collage ase, coagulate, hyaluronidase, streptokinase

Question 13

Antibiotic selection is base on

Answer 13

Tissue tropism - driven by receptors on particular tissue

Question 14

Symptoms of conjunctivitis

Answer 14

Mucopurulent discharge

Excessive pus - consider gonoccocal conjunctivitis

Question 15

Which bacteria are common in CL wearers?

Most common?

Answer 15

Pseudomonas (Gram-)
Staph aureus (Gram+)

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Question 16

____ conjunctivitis is more likely if there is gluing of eyelids and no itching.

Answer 16

Bacterial

Question 17

Viral infections are more common in children. True or false?

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Which vaccine reduces incidence of otitis media?

Answer 18

Hemophilus

Question 19

Steroids will be most beneficial when ulcer bed is still open. True or false?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Most common sign of conjunctival infection

Answer 20

Hyperemia

Question 21

Most important cause of severe corneal ulceration - infiltrate formation

Answer 21

Pseudomonas

Question 22

Staph aureus

Answer 22

Gram+ coccus

Skin infections

Question 23

Strep pyogenes

Answer 23

Scarlett fever

Streptococcal cellulitis - acute spreading infection of deeper layers of dermis

Question 24

Strep pneumonia

Answer 24

Gram+ diplococcus
Lungs, middle ear, sinusitis, meningitis

Polysaccharide capsule protects it from phagocytosis

Question 25

Which bacteria is asso w/ chronic alcoholics and poor hygiene?

Answer 25

Moraxella

Question 26

Spirochetal infections

Answer 26

Spirochete, Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira

Question 27

Syphillis can cause

Answer 27

Argyle Robertson (miotic) pupil, intact near response, decreased light response

D/t spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum

Question 28

Initial symptoms of Lyme dx

Answer 28

Erythema - “bulls eye”
Bell’s palsy, HA, meningitis (1-several weeks)
Uveitis, arthritis (months-years)

Question 29

Treatment of Lyme dx

Answer 29

Tetracycline

Question 30

Main risk factor for keratitis

Answer 30

CL wear

Gram+ bx

Question 31

Serratia marcescens

Answer 31

Gram-

Asso w/ systemic cond: diabetes, RA, renal failure, alcoholism

Question 32

Mycobacterium leprae

Answer 32

Hansen’s dx