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Pharm II > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of conjunctivitis

A

Viral

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2
Q

Sabouraud’s

A

Culture media for fungi

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3
Q

Which antibiotics target bacterial cell wall?

A

Beta-lactam: PCN, cephalosporins

Vancomycin: gram+

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4
Q

Penicillin-sensitive PCN

A

Amoxicillin

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5
Q

Which antibiotic is used for PCN-resistant staph?

A

Dicloxacillin

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6
Q

Augmentin

A

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

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7
Q

Clavulanate

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitor - reduces bacteria’s ability to negate effect of amoxicillin (PCN-sensitive) by inactivating penicillanases

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8
Q

Which antibiotic is effective for skin infections (dacryocystitis, internal hordeola, pre-septal cellulitis)?

A

Augmentin

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9
Q

Which type of pts are more prone to side effect of PCN

A

Sick pts w/ heart problems

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10
Q

Internal hordeola is secondary to

A

Staph infection of meib glands

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11
Q

Cephalosporins break down

A

Gram- and anaerobes

Bactericidal

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12
Q

Which antibiotic has cross-sensitivity w/ PCN?

A

Cephalosporin (beta-lactams)

Person who has a reaction to PCN will probably have a reaction to cephalosporin too. (Cephalosporin more resistant to B-lactamases tho)

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13
Q

Which antibiotic is used to treat dacryadenitis?

A

Cephalexin

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14
Q

Hyperacute conjunctivitis

A

Secondary to gonorrhea

Tx: ceftrixone or cefixime (third generation cephalosporins)

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15
Q

Tetracycline is bactericidal. True or false?

A

False

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16
Q

Low dose ___ effectively used to tx acne

A

Tetracycline

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17
Q

Side effects of tetracycline

A

Pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial HTN)
Vestibular problems — esp Minocycline
Photoxicity
Effects on teeth and bones
Reduces effectiveness of BC — EXCEPT doxy and minocycline

Do not use w/ mild products.

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18
Q

Tetracycline suppress inflammation by inhibiting

A

PLA2

Corticosteroids also inhibit PLA2.

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19
Q

S/S of acne rosacea

A

Red, irritated eyes
Swollen eyelids
What looks like a stye

Secondary ocular complications in 85% of pts w/ acne rosacea. Ocular complications precede other skin manifestations.

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20
Q

Tx for acne rosacea

A

Oracea (Doxy 30mg or 10g delayed release) po

Tetracycline

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21
Q

Tx for recurrent corneal erosions

A

Doxy and topical steroids

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22
Q

Macrolides are bacteriostatic. True or false?

A

True

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23
Q

Macrolides are used to tx

A

Soft tissue infections, skin infections, respiratory/GI tract

24
Q

Group of antibiotics used for those allergic to PCN

A

Macrolides

25
Q

Tx for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Azasite (Macrolides) - Azithromycin gtts

26
Q

Erythromycin has a high incidence of staph resistance. True or false?

A

True

27
Q

Preferred therapy for urethritis by chlamydia

A

Azithromycin

28
Q

Azithromycin is contraindication in pregnant women. True or false?

A

False

29
Q

Use Azithromycin w/ caution in pts w/

A

Liver disease

30
Q

Adult inclusion conjunctivitis

A

Mixed papillary/follicular conjunctivitis on upper lid in sexually active adults

31
Q

Tx for chlamydia

A

Azithromycin

32
Q

Aminoglycosides are bactericidal. True or false?

A

True

Works against gram- bacilli

33
Q

This antibiotic can cause nephrotoxicity and too toxicity.

A

Aminoglycosides

34
Q

This antibiotic is used treat methicillin-resistant S.aureus (gram+) and MRSA.

A

Vancomycin

Poor oral absorption - admin systemically
Bactericidal

35
Q

Adverse effect of Vancomycin

A

Red man syndrome

36
Q

Most potent anti tuberculosis drug

A

Isoniazide

Also used w/ rifampin

37
Q

Bacitracin is used as a systemic med. True or false?

A

False

Gram+

38
Q

Fluoroquinolones are bactericidal. True or false?

A

True

Interferes w/ action of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

39
Q

Can cause tendon ruptures

A

Fluoroquinolones

Contraindicated in pregnancy, nursing mothers, children under 18

Category C drug - can cause seizures, increased hr, confusion

40
Q

Parinaud’s (Cat-Scratch dx)

A

Infection w/ Bartonella

Granulomatous conjunctivitis w/ asso preauricular lymphadenopathy

41
Q

Commonly used to tx bacterial conjunctivitis and keratitis (standard tx for bacterial keratitis)

A

Ocular fluoroquinolones (FDA approved: Ciloxxan, Ocuflox, Iquix)

42
Q

Inhibitors of metabolism

A

Sulfonamides and trimethoprim - folic acid antagonists (bx cannot divide w/o folic acid)

43
Q

Sulfonamides are bacteriostatic and used to treat UTIs. True or false?

A

True

44
Q

Trimethoprim can be used to treat UTIs and MRSA. True or false?

A

True

45
Q

Antibiotic used to treat pseudomonas (most common ocular pathogen); excellent for bacterial conjunctivitis in children; also used to treat haemophilus influenza and streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Polytrim (Polymyxin B)

gram- bactericidal

46
Q

Antibiotic used to treat toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis

A

Pyrimethamine

47
Q

Bactericidal used systemically (rarely used for ocular conditions) that can cause gray-baby syndrome

A

Rifampin

Other adverse effects: hemolytic and aplastic anemia, optic neuritis

48
Q

Which antibiotics can cause nephrotoxicity?

A

Aminoglycosides, tetracycline, vancomycin

49
Q

Which antibiotics reduce bactericidal action of PCN?

A

Tetracyclines and chloramphenicol

50
Q

Which antibiotics decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptive?

A

PCN, ampicillin, tetracycline, cephalosporin

51
Q

Which antibiotics are considered safe for children?

A

PCN, cephalosporin, erythromycin, azithromycin, biaxin

52
Q

Which antibiotics should we consider if pts are allergic to PCN?

A

Oral fluoroquinolones (Levofloxincin 500mg qd x1 week, 1-2 DS bid x 1 week)

53
Q

What is the drug of choice for MRSA?

A

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

54
Q

What should we use for pts allergic to sulfa?

A

Doxy at its acute therapeutic dosage of 100mg bid x7-10 days

55
Q

Oral drugs for acute care

A

Acute internal hordeola
Chlamydial conjunctivitis - Azithromycin
Allergy to PCN - Erythromycin (Macrolides) or fluoroquinolones
Allergy to sulfa - Doxy

56
Q

Metronidazole can cause ____ failure during pregnancy.

A

Hepatic

Pharm II (3 decks)

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