Bacterial Infection

Question 1

How are bacteria categorised?

Answer 1

Aerobic and anaerobic

Gram positive and gram negative

Atypical

Question 2

List Gram-positive cocci

Answer 2

Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

Enterococcus

Question 3

List Gram-positive rods

Answer 3

“Corney Mike’s list of basic cars”

Corney – Corneybacteria
Mike’s – Mycobacteria
List of – Listeria
Basic – Bacillus
Cars – Nocardia

Question 4

List Gram-positive anaerobes

Answer 4

CLAP

C – Clostridium
L – Lactobacillus
A – Actinomyces
P – Propionibacterium

Question 5

List common Gram-negative organisms

Answer 5

Neisseria meningitis

Neisseria gonorrhoea

Haemophilia influenza

E. coli

Klebsiella

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 6

What does Gram-positive/Gram-negative mean?

Answer 6

Gram-positive have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall that stains with crystal violet stain

Gram-negative don’t have this and won’t stain with violet, but will stain with other stains

Question 7

What is an atypical bacteria?

Answer 7

Bacteria that cannot be cultured in the normal way or detected using a gram stain

Most often implicated in pneumonia

Question 8

List the bacteria that cause atypical pneumonia

Answer 8

“Legions of psittaci MCQs”

Legions – Legionella pneumophila
Psittaci – Chlamydia psittaci
M – Mycoplasma pneumoniae
C – Chlamydydophila pneumoniae
Qs – Q fever (coxiella burneti)

Question 9

What is MRSA?

Answer 9

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that have become resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems

Question 10

Non-antibiotic eradication of MRSA

Answer 10

A combination of clorhexidine body washes and antibacterial nasal creams

Question 11

List the antibiotic treatment options for MRSA

Answer 11

Doxycycline

Clindamycin

Vancomycin

Teicoplanin

Linezolid

Question 12

What are extended spectrum beta lactase bacteria (ESBLs)?

Answer 12

Bacteria that have developed resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics

They produce beta lactamase enzymes that destroy the beta-lactam ring on the antibiotic

They can be resistant to a very broad range of antibiotics

Question 13

What type of bacteria are ESBLs?

What do they typically cause?

Answer 13

Tend to be e. coli or klebsiella

Typically cause UTIs

Can also cause other infections such as pneumonia

Question 14

What are ESBLs usually sensitive to?

Answer 14

Carbapenems e.g. meropenem or imipenem