Bacterial Growth (BE #2) Flashcards

1
Q

Binary fission

A

asexual reproduction in bacteria

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2
Q

How does a bacterial cell ensure that the replicated chromosomes get where they need to to go during cell division?

A

The duplicated chromosomes attach to separate spots on the plasma membrane & then it divides.

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3
Q

Phases of bacterial growth in the lab - define:

lag
log
stationary
death

A

lag - cell numbers remain constant; cells are preparing to how.

log - cell numbers increase exponentially

stationary - cells become smaller; some produce endospores

death - cell numbers decrease exponentially

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4
Q

Why would a bacterial culture enter the stationary phase?

A

overcrowding; accumulation of waste; depletion of nutrients; pH change

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5
Q

Why don’t bacteria go through all the stages in nature the way they do in the lab?

A

In nature, bacteria are not confined (limited on space); not limited on nutrients, either. They live with other species, so one’s waste may be another’s energy source.

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6
Q

strict aerobe

A

die in the absence of oxygen

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7
Q

microaerophiles

A

like less oxygen & more carbon dioxide

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8
Q

facultative anaerobes

A

can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen; can switch their metabolism

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9
Q

aerotolerant anaerobes

A

don’t use oxygen, but are not killed by exposure to it.

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10
Q

obligate (or strict) anaerobes

A

die in the presence of oxygen

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11
Q

Give an example of a mesophilic bacterial species.

A

Any human pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica)

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12
Q

mesophilic

A

human pathogens; like body temperature

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13
Q

psychrophilic

A

bacteria that continue to grow in the refrigerator (cold-loving)

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14
Q

thermophilic

A

bacteria that are not killed by boiling temperatures; endospore formers

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15
Q

acidophiles

A

acid loving - bacteria that grow best at a pH of 1 - 5.4. Ex. Lactobacillus - ferments milk

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16
Q

neutrophiles

A

most human pathogens are in this category; exist from pH 5.4 - 8.5

17
Q

alkaliphiles

A

base loving - exist from 7.0-11.5;

Ex. Vibrio cholerae (causes cholera)

18
Q

Most bacteria live in ___________ environments.

A

hypotonic (tonicity)

Bacteria are hypertonic to their environments.

19
Q

halophiles

A

salt loving - inhabit the oceans

20
Q

indirect measurements of microbes

A

Measures s property of the mass of cells then estimate the number of microbes.
1. turbidity - look for cloudiness in tube

  1. metabolic activity - indicates relative numbers
21
Q

direct measurements of microbes

A

Give more accurate measurements of #s of microbes:

  1. direct counts -
    • Coulter Counter - electronic counter; gives total count (living & dead)
      * Direct Microscope Count - special slide w/grid is used to count
  2. plate count - bacterial colonies are viewed through a magnifying glass against a Quebec colony-counting grid (give viable count)
  3. filtration - liquid or air is drawn through a membrane filter by a vacuum. The pores are too small for microbial cells to pass thru, so they collect on the filter. The filter is then placed on a solid medium & is incubated. (counts viable cells)
22
Q

synthetic medium

A

is prepared in a lab using precise materials or well-defined materials.

23
Q

complex medium

A

contains reasonable familiar materials by varies slightly in chemical composition from batch to batch

24
Q

selective media

A

encourages the growth of some bacteria, but suppresses the growth of others (ex. salt sugar allows for growth of Staphylococcus, but not Streptococcus)

25
differential media
has an ingredient that causes an observable change int he medium when a particular biochemical reaction occurs (ex. a color or pH change)
26
What kind of environment is generated in a candle jar? Describe the conditions concerning O2 & CO2
microaerophilic flame uses O2 until it goes out, leaving more CO2 than O2.
27
List 2 important components of thioglycollate broth medium.
thioglycollate - binds to O2 to prevent O2 from exerting toxic effects on anaerobes methylene blue - turns blue when O2 is present; clear when there is no O2
28
Escherichia coli -
facultative anaerobe - can switch
29
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strict aerobe - needs oxygen
30
Streptococcus pyogenes
microaerophile - less oxygen, more CO2
31
Clostridium botulinum Clostridium tetani Clostridium difficile
strict anaerobe
32
Clostridium perfringens
aerotolerant anaerobe
33
What are the chemical reactions that take place in a Brewer anaerobic jar?
H2O + gas pack -> CO2 + H2 H2 + O2 -> H2O
34
Purpose of the streak plate method
to isolate a colony of bacteria