Bacterial Genetics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

How do prokaryotes achieve genetic change?

A

~ conjugation (plasmids)
~ transduction (uptake of ‘take’ DNA)
~ transformation (utilises bacteriophages)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bacterial genomes

A

~ one essential circular dsDNA chromosome

~ may contain additional, extrachromosomal, small, circular plasmids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the three types of different plasmids.

A

sex
R
col

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sex plasmids

A

e.g. F (fertility) plasmid - large, stringent replication, self mobile, episome
~ mediate transfer of bacterial genes by CONJUGATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Episome

A

may exist as free circular plasmid or may be integrated into chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

R plasmids

A

R = resistance factors
~ large, self mobile
~ encodes resistance to antibiotics, toxins, heavy metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Col Plasmids

A

~ small, relaxed replication
~ encodes biological factors
~ does not encode for plasmid transfer - needs R/F plasmids for transfer
~ manipulated for human cloning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who discovered F plasmid-mediated conjugation?

A

Lederberg and Tatum (1946)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tra genes

A

transfer genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

OriT

A

Origin of transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hfr strain

A

High frequency transfer strain

~ discovered by Hayes and Cavalli-Sforza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cotransformation frequency

A

can be used as a measure of link and used to map bacterial gene order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Generalised transduction

A

mediated by virulent bacteriophages e.g. P1vir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Specialised transduction

A

mediated by temperate bacteriophages e.g. lander have both lytic and lysogenic life-cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly