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Micro Exam 3 > Bacterial Cell Morphology > Flashcards

Bacterial Cell Morphology Flashcards

0
Q

Describe bacillus (bacilli)

A

Rod-shaped

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1
Q

Describe coccus (cocci)

A

Spherical

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2
Q

Describe spirillum (spirilla)

A

Spiral

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3
Q

Describe coccobacillus

A

Rod-shaped with round ends, mistaken for coccus

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4
Q

Describe spirochete

A

Spiral shaped cell with unique motility

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5
Q

Describe pleomorphic

A

Varies in shape

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6
Q

What type of cell wall has a thick peptidoglycan layer surrounding the cell membrane? (also what layer is this?)

A

Gram +

Phospholipid bilayer

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7
Q

Which cell wall stains purple?

A

Gram +

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8
Q

Which cell wall contains teichoic acid, and what does it create?

A

Gram +

Negative charge

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9
Q

Which cell wall has a thin peptidoglycan layer?

A

Gram -

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10
Q

What surrounds the peptidoglycan layer on gram - ?

A

Outer membrane (OM)

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11
Q

What is embedded in the OM of Gram - cell walls? And what is it composed of?

A

Lipopolysaccrahide (LPS)

Lipid A and O specific polysaccharide = endotoxin

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12
Q

Which portion of LPS is toxic?

A

Lipid A

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13
Q

Which cell wall type stains pink?

A

Gram -

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14
Q

Which cell wall had a high lipid content that does not readily take up stain?

A

Acid-fast

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15
Q

What does Acid-fast require to stain?

A

Unique dyes and heat

16
Q

In Which genus are all species acid-fast?

A

Mycobacterium

17
Q

Describe the membrane of cells that lack a cell wall

A

High sterol content = rigidity of cell

18
Q

What is the phospholipid bilayer (a fluid structure containing proteins moving in bilayer) known as?

A

Fluid mosaic model.

19
Q

Which kind of selective permeability is rarely used in bacteria?

A

Facilitated diffusion

20
Q

Various transport proteins used to move substances across membranes is what type of selective permeability?

A

Active transport (requires energy)

21
Q

Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

A

Cell membrane

22
Q

What kind of mechanisms are used by the cell membrane?

A

Secretory and excretory

23
Q

What kind of enzymes are located in the cell membrane?

A

Enzymes used in DNA replication

24
Q

What do the proteins that extrude from the surface of the cell membrane do?

A

They act as receptors in cell metabolism and communication

25
Q

What is a mesosome?

A

Invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane that can form into vesicles , possible role in cell division

26
Q

What is the periplasmic space?

A

Space between the inner and outer membranes in Gram negative cells.

27
Q

What structure is a region of bacterial cell containing DNA (generally circular)?

A

Nucleoid

28
Q

What structure is a small extrachromosomal DNA, autonomous replication?

A

Plasmid

29
Q

What structure is an organelle composed of ribosomal RNA and protein?

A

Ribosome

30
Q

What structure is: accumulations of high molecular weight polymers, also called inclusion bodies, granular inclusions?

A

Storage granules

31
Q

What are the functions of flagella

A

Motility

Virulence factor

32
Q

What are the functions of pili (fimbriae)?

A

Adherence factors
Sex pili transfer plasmids
Virulence factor

33
Q

What are the functions of the capsule (slime layer)=glycocalyx?

A

Protective wall around some G+ and G-

Virulence factor - impedes phagocytosis

34
Q

Describe endospores

A

Unique dormant cell type produced by some bacteria in response to adverse conditions

35
Q

What is sporulation?

A

Endospore formation

36
Q

Is an endospore reproductive?

A

No.

One vegetative cell = one endospore

37
Q

What are endospores composed of!

A

Modified peptidoglycan and dipicolinic acid

Micro Exam 3 (7 decks)

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