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Micro > Bacteria Subtyping > Flashcards

Bacteria Subtyping Flashcards

1
Q

Patient management or infection control distinguishes

A

Relapse from infection

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2
Q

Relapse is

A

Same bacteria

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3
Q

Reinfection is

A

Different bacteria

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4
Q

Criteria for evaluating typing system

A 
Typeability 
Reproducibility
Discriminatory power 
Ease of interpretation 
Cost 
Time
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5
Q

2 methods of sub typing

A

Phenotypic

Genotypic

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6
Q

Phenotypic subtyping

A

Biotyping
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing Serotyping
Bacteriophage typing
Whole cell or cell envelop protein profile Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis (MLEE)

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7
Q

Genotypic subtyping

A

Plasmid analysis
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism( RFLP)
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) •
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) •
Ribotyping •
Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) • Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) • Microarray (DNA chip)

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8
Q

What is MIC

A

Minimal inhibitory concentration

Lowest concentration of ab needed to inhibit growth of certain amount of bacteria

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9
Q

If MIC greater than or equal to resistance break point that means

A

Ab resistance

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10
Q

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing ( AST) is what kind of subtyping?

A

Phenotypic

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11
Q

Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing

A 
Agar dilution 
Broth dilution/microdilution 
Disk diffusion test
E-test
Mininam inhibitory concentration (MIC)
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12
Q

The patterns of clearing around the bacteriophage spot indicate

A

The susceptibility of the test organism to different phases

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13
Q

Different patterns of clearing around the bacteriophage are compared to determine

A

Strain difference

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14
Q

Serotyping is based on

A

O antigen

H antigen

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15
Q

Serotyping is important in

A

Salmonella
E.Coli O157:H7
Listeria Monocytogenes

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16
Q

Strength of Ribotyping?

A

Rapid
Automated
Reproducible
Easy to interpret

17
Q

Weakness of Ribotyping

A

Limited discriminatory power
Relative expensive
Insufficient database

18
Q

What does PFGE do ?

Pulsed field Gel Electrophoresis

A

Target the whole bacteria genome to generate DNA fingerprints

19
Q

Two innovations in the field of PFGE

A
  1. Imbedding cells in agarose before lysis

2. Use of alternating electric field direction

20
Q

Identical PFGE patters means

A

Same clone

21
Q

PFGE patters with 1-2 band difference

A

Clone related

22
Q

PFGE patterns with >3 band difference

A

Different clones

23
Q

Strength of PFGE

A

Discriminatory power
Reproducibility
Database developing
Easy to interpret

24
Q

Weakness of PFGE

A

Tedious procedure/technical expertise

Moderate cost

25
Q

What is Multi Locus Sequence Typing

MLST

A

Characterizing bacteria using the sequence of internal fragments of 7 house keeping genes

26
Q

How many internal fragments are used in MLST

A

Approximately 450-500 bp

27
Q

What are house keeping genes ?

A

Genes necessary for bacteria to survive

That means every bacteria has to have it

Micro (9 decks)

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