Bacteria Structure and Function

Question 1

Prokaryote

Answer 1

No Nucleus

Question 2

Unicellular

Answer 2

No membrane bound organelle

Question 3

Spherical Cells

Answer 3

Cocci
Chain- streptococci
Clump- staphylococci
2- diplococcus

Question 4

Rods

Answer 4

Bacilli

Not all rods are bacilli

Question 5

Capsule + Mucilage

Answer 5

Glycolax
Non- essential
Found in most bacteria
Outer Cell wall
Slime layer or capsule

Question 6

Cell Wall

Answer 6

Peptidoglycan or murein
Long Glycan chains
N-Acetylglucosamine
Short peptide cross links
Porins (B Barrel)

Question 7

Gram Staining 1884

Answer 7

Bacteria only retain 1 type of dye, therefore is + or -

Crystal Violet (Purple)
Iodine (Purple)
Acetone Flash (Purple or clear)
Safrain (30s) (Purple or Pink)

POSITIVE IS PURPLE AND HAS A THICKER CELL WALL

Question 8

Flagella

Answer 8

Monotrichous- 1
Lophotricous- many
Amphitricous- 1 from both ends
Peritricous- all over

Used for motility

Question 9

Fimbriae

Answer 9

F Pillus- DNA transfer via non sexual conjugation

Adhesive pilli

Question 10

Bacteria ribosomes

Answer 10

smaller sub units

Question 11

Genome

Answer 11

no nuclear membrane
may have a singular c/s
supercoiled
plasmids- species variability and used in genetic engineering

Question 12

Spores

Answer 12

defence mechanism
withstand T’ Humidity and pH
Disinfectants kill bacteria but not spores
hydrophobic coat
thick wall
dehydrated cytoplasm for suspended animation

Question 13

Spore germination

Answer 13

coat splits open

cell grows out