Bacteria species Flashcards
1
Q
prochlorococcus
A
-cyanobacteria
-one of the most abundant organisms on earth
~half of photosynthesis in the worlds oceans
2
Q
Rhizobium leguminosarum
A
- non pathogenic alphaproteobacteria
- forms root nodules on legume plants
- symbiotic relationship
- bacterium fixes nitrogen into a bioavailable form
- plant provides nutrients and a home for the bacteria
3
Q
rickettsia rickettsii
A
- pathogenic alphaproetobacteria
- obligate intracellular pathogen
- carried by insects and transmitted by a insect bites
- causes rocky mountain spotted fever
- phylogenetically rickettsia is the closest relative to the eukaryotic mitochondrion
4
Q
Neisseria mucosa
A
- non pathogenic betaproetobacteria
- non pathogenic commensal of the human body-lives on mucous membranes
5
Q
neisseria gonorrhoeae
A
- pathogenic betaproteobacteria
- causes the STI gonorrhea
6
Q
Escherichia coli
A
- gammaproteobacteria
- gram negative, rod shaped, faculatative aerobe, motile by means of peritrichous flagella
- ferments lactose to a mixture of acids and alcohols
- resident of the large intestine of warm-blooded animals
- serves as an important indicator of fecal contamination
7
Q
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A
- gammaproteobacteria
- gram negative, rod shaped, motile by means of polar flagella, but does not ferment sugars
- naturally resistant to many antibiotics and disinfectants
- opportunistic pathogen-causes infections in immunocompromised patients
- ex. respiratory tract infections in cystic fibrosis patients
8
Q
myxococcus xanthus
A
- delta and epsilonproteobacteria
- gliding motility
- predatory -releases exoenzymes to lyse other bacteria for nutrients
- when starved-cells migrate together to form complex multicellular fruiting bodies
- individual cells differentiate into myxospores for dispersal
9
Q
lactobacillus delbrueckii
A
- lactic acid bacteria firmicutes
- yogurt production
10
Q
streptococcus pyogenes
A
lactic acid bacteria firmicutes
-cause of strep throat, scarlet fever and the flesh eating disease!
11
Q
staphylococcus aureus
A
- non lactic acid bacteria firmicutes
- facultative aerobe that forms characteristic grape like clusters
- lives on skin
- halotolerant can be isolated using media with high NaCl, like mannitol salt agar
- frequent cause of nosocomial infections
12
Q
Bacillus subtilis
A
- endospore forming firmicutes
- important lab bacterium used as a model for:
- gram positive cell structure and genetics
- cell division and differentiation (into spores)
13
Q
Clostridium botulinum
A
- endospore forming firmicutes
- strict anaerobe with a fermentative metabolism
- lives in tiny anoxic pockets in the soil
- secretes a variety of exoenzymes to degrade plant material
- can also grow in anaerobic canned foods
- produces a deadly neurotoxin, which when consumed causes botulism (food poisoning)
- proper canning procedures must either:
- reach temp above 120 to destroy endospores
- or include enough acid or sugar to prevent germination
14
Q
mycoplasma genitalium
A
- tenericutes: the mycoplasmas
- common cause of urethritis and pelvic inflammatory disease
- first free living bacterium to have its genome sequenced
- one of the smallest genomes known at 500 Kbp
15
Q
corynebacterium diphtheriae
A
- actinobacteria
- produces an exotoxin that inhibits protein synthesis
- causes tissue death in the respiratory tract-diphtheria
- can lead to death by suffocation
