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Reproduction > Bacteria of the Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

Bacteria of the Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three transmission routes of bacterial infection?

A

Venereal transmission - Endogenous transmission - Environmental transmission

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2
Q

What bacteria cause bovine abortion?

A

Leptospira hardjo - Bacillus licheniformis - Salmonella dublin (and others) - Brucella abortus & B. melitensis - Mycoses

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3
Q

Which bacteria is the biggest cause of bovine abortion in the UK?

A

Leptospira (70-80% of herds in UK)

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4
Q

Why is it hard to detect leptospira infection in a herd?

A

Pathogen adapted to be mainly subclinical so reservoir in a herd

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5
Q

How is Leptospira diagnosed?

A

Sera samples examined by microscopic agglutination test

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6
Q

What bacteria cause non-specific bovine endometritis?

A

Arcanobacterium pyogens - E. coli - Streptococci

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7
Q

How does endometritis cause fertility problems?

A

Luteolysis prevented by inflammation - CL retained - Drainage prevented by closed cervix

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8
Q

What bacteria cause abortion in sheep?

A

Chlamydophila abortus - Campylobacter fetus

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9
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Chlamydophila abortus in sheep?

A

Obligate intracellular pathogen - Long-term persistent infection - Late term abortion - No infertility

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10
Q

How is Chlamydophila abortus transmitted and diagnosed?

A

Venereal or oro-faecal - Antigen detection by ELISA & Kosters stain (PCR)

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11
Q

What causes about 10% of ovine abortions?

A

Campylobacter fetus

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12
Q

Where is the reservoir of Campylobacter fetus? How does it cause abortion?

A

In the intestinal tract - oro-faecal ingestion - blood - bacteraemia - placenta - abortion

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13
Q

What bacteria cause canine pyometra & endometritis?

A

Coliforms (E. coli) - Beta-haemolytic streptococci (s. canis and s. zooepidemicus)

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14
Q

What bacteria is an environmental opportunist which causes sporadic abortion in cattle?

A

Bacillus licheniformis

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15
Q

How does Brucella abortus cause abortion in cattle?

A

Phagocytosed at mucosal surfaces - migrate via lymphatics to blood - localises in lymphatics, liver and spleen - attracted to placenta - placentitis - abortion

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16
Q

How does Brucella abortus avoid the immune system?

A

Facultative intracellular pathogen - Hides in liver cells

17
Q

How was Brucella abortus eradicated from the UK?

A

Milk and serum testing - Slaughter of reactors - Vaccination with Attenuated and Killed whole cell vaccines

18
Q

What allows identification of cows infected with Brucella abortus?

A

LPS is immunodominant antigen in all strains - Agglutination of bacteria

19
Q

What types of Salmonella cause abortion? Give an example

A

Invasive serovars - S. Dublin

20
Q

What is the most common form of fungal infection in cows which causes abortion?

A

Aspergillus sp.

21
Q

How does mycotic infection cause abortion?

A

High inhalation/ingestion of bacterial spores - Haematogenous migration to placenta - Placentitis - Death of foetus

22
Q

What bacteria causes infectious infertility in cows?

A

Campylobacter fetus (subsp venerealis)

23
Q

Where does campylobacter fetus originate and how does it spread?

A

Mucous membrane and prepuce of mature bull - Infection of the cow at service

24
Q

What is the pathogenesis of campylobacter fetus infection in cows?

A

Catarrhal infection of genital tract - Endometritis and inflammation - Death of foetus - Return to service = infertility

25
Q

How do you detect campylobacter fetus infection?

A

Culture - sheath washings, vaginal washings, products of abortion

26
Q

What bacteria cause prostatitis?

A

E. coli - Proteus - Streptococci - Staphylococci - Mycoplasma felis

27
Q

What bacteria cause abortion in mares?

A

Streptococcus zooepidemius

28
Q

What does CEM stand for? What causes it?

A

Contagious equine metritis - Taylorella equigenitalis

29
Q

Describe CEM and how it is spread

A

Metritis, cervicitis, discharge - Acute, contagious, venereal transmission - Spread by stallion at service and fomites

Reproduction (12 decks)

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