Bacteria - Name that Bacteria Flashcards
Stain: G-
Features: motile, moist, aerobes, grape like aroma
Route: opportunistic
Virulence: pili, polysac cap, Exotoxin A, Exoenzyme S
Disease: Septicemia, endocarditis, UTI, GE, eye infx
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Stain: G-
Features: shellfish, gulfcoast, non-invasive, grows on alkaline media, oxidase +
Route: water and food
Virulence: Enterotoxin, cAMP hyper secretion, toxin A and B5 subunits
Disease: hypovolemic shock, metabolic acidosis
Vibro cholerae
Stain: G-
Features: halophilic, grows on high salt media, kanagawa hemolysin
Route: oysters, sashimi
Disease: GE, explosive diarrhea
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Stain: G-
Features: increases septicemia, pre-existing liver disease, grows on alkaline media
Route: wounds, oysters
Disease: septicemia, rapidly progressing wound infection
Vibrio vulnificus
Stain: G-
Features: comma shaped, microaerophilic, selective media
Route: animals, milk, meat, water
Disease: bloody, mucoid purulent diarrhea, GI
Campylobacter jejuni
Stain: G-
Features: S shaped, microaerophilic, selective media
Disease: bacteremic infection
Campylobacter fetus
Stain: G-
Features: strongly curved, microaerophilic, urease producing, non-invasive
Virulence: VacA exotoxin, CagA, PI Type IV → IL8 proliferation
Disease: Gastritis, duodenitis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer
Helicobacter pylori
Stain: G-
Features: polyribosyl ph capsule, invasive, grows on chocolate agar with Factors V and X
Route: inhalation, lungs → body
Virulence: IgA protease
Disease: obstructed pneumonia, Type B meningitis and sepsis in children
Tx: Ceftriaxone, rifampicin, vaccine
Haemophilus influenza
Stain: G-
Features: encapsulated, non-invasive, grows on Bordet-Gengou agar
Route: inhalation
Virulence: Decreases ciliary activity through hemagglutinin (attachment), pertussis toxin, increases cAMP, chemokine R, cytotoxin produces NO
Disease: whooping cough, paroxysmal cough
Tx: Erythromycin, heat killed vaccine (TDaP)
Bordatella pertussis
Stain: G-
Features: A/C (prevent by heating water & using Chlorine), grows on charcoal yeast media with Fe and cysteine
Route: inhalation
Virulence: LPS
Disease: atypical community acquired pneumonia
Tx: fluoroquin
Legionella
Stain: G- Features: lacks capsule Route: lymph nodes → liver → spleen → macrophages → granuloma → hepatosplenomegaly Disease: brucellosis, undulant fever Tx: rifampin, tetracycline
Brucella melitensis (sheep), abortus (cattle) & suis (pigs)
Stain: G- Features: rabbit and deer reservoirs Route: dermocenter tick (transovarian life cycle) Disease: tularemia, hepatosplenomegaly Tx: streptomycin
Fracisella tularensis
Stain: G-
Features: outer capsule, coagulase
Route: zoonotic (fleas and rodents)
Virulence: outer capsule, LPS, exotoxin V, exotoxin W
Disease: bubonic plague, pneumonic plague
Tx: streptomycin, tetracycline, vaccine
Yersinia pestis
Stain: acid fast
Features: tapering tip, extracellular, cold agglutinin, facultative anaerobe, cholesterol membrane, grows in essential agar or broth (fried egg appearance/MULBERRY)
Route: inhalation
Virulence: cytoadhesins; inhibit catalase
Disease: atypical pneumonia, bronchitis, non-productive
Tx: tetracyline for adults, erythromycin
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Stain: acid fast
Features: facultative anaerobe, cholesterol membrane
Disease: PID
Mycoplasma hominis
Stain: acid fast
Features: urease, facultative anaerobe, cholesterol membrane
Disease: urethritis
Mycoplasma urelyticum
Stain: G-
Features: No LPS, bare outer membrane, TrpK, stains on darkfield microscopy using silver strain
Route: STD
Virulence: hyaluronidase
Disease: syphilis (chancre, macular rash, condylomata lata, gummas, neurosyphilis)
Treponema pallidum
Stain: G-
Features: No LPS, wright stain, Giemsa stain
Route: body louse (Africa; person-person transmission), soft tick (US; rodent reservoir)
Virulence: antigenic variation
Disease: relapsing fever (fever - afebrile 3-10x)
Borrelia recurrentis (louse born) Borrelia hermsii (soft body tick)
Stain: G-
Features: No LPS, ELISA, IFA for Ab, Western blot is definitive
Route: Ixodes (hard tick nymph)
Disease: lyme disease, erythema migrans, arthritis, facial nerve palsy, myocarditis, menigitis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Stain: G-
Features: disseminates to all organs (especially liver and kidney), biphasic blood and CSF 1 dark field culture and serology
Route: urine from animals (rats, dogs, cattle), pigs through abraded skin
Disease: active leptospiremia then immune phase, impaired liver and kidney, viral meningitis
Leptospira interrogans