Bacteria - Name that Bacteria Flashcards
Stain: G-
Features: motile, moist, aerobes, grape like aroma
Route: opportunistic
Virulence: pili, polysac cap, Exotoxin A, Exoenzyme S
Disease: Septicemia, endocarditis, UTI, GE, eye infx
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Stain: G-
Features: shellfish, gulfcoast, non-invasive, grows on alkaline media, oxidase +
Route: water and food
Virulence: Enterotoxin, cAMP hyper secretion, toxin A and B5 subunits
Disease: hypovolemic shock, metabolic acidosis
Vibro cholerae
Stain: G-
Features: halophilic, grows on high salt media, kanagawa hemolysin
Route: oysters, sashimi
Disease: GE, explosive diarrhea
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Stain: G-
Features: increases septicemia, pre-existing liver disease, grows on alkaline media
Route: wounds, oysters
Disease: septicemia, rapidly progressing wound infection
Vibrio vulnificus
Stain: G-
Features: comma shaped, microaerophilic, selective media
Route: animals, milk, meat, water
Disease: bloody, mucoid purulent diarrhea, GI
Campylobacter jejuni
Stain: G-
Features: S shaped, microaerophilic, selective media
Disease: bacteremic infection
Campylobacter fetus
Stain: G-
Features: strongly curved, microaerophilic, urease producing, non-invasive
Virulence: VacA exotoxin, CagA, PI Type IV → IL8 proliferation
Disease: Gastritis, duodenitis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer
Helicobacter pylori
Stain: G-
Features: polyribosyl ph capsule, invasive, grows on chocolate agar with Factors V and X
Route: inhalation, lungs → body
Virulence: IgA protease
Disease: obstructed pneumonia, Type B meningitis and sepsis in children
Tx: Ceftriaxone, rifampicin, vaccine
Haemophilus influenza
Stain: G-
Features: encapsulated, non-invasive, grows on Bordet-Gengou agar
Route: inhalation
Virulence: Decreases ciliary activity through hemagglutinin (attachment), pertussis toxin, increases cAMP, chemokine R, cytotoxin produces NO
Disease: whooping cough, paroxysmal cough
Tx: Erythromycin, heat killed vaccine (TDaP)
Bordatella pertussis
Stain: G-
Features: A/C (prevent by heating water & using Chlorine), grows on charcoal yeast media with Fe and cysteine
Route: inhalation
Virulence: LPS
Disease: atypical community acquired pneumonia
Tx: fluoroquin
Legionella
Stain: G- Features: lacks capsule Route: lymph nodes → liver → spleen → macrophages → granuloma → hepatosplenomegaly Disease: brucellosis, undulant fever Tx: rifampin, tetracycline
Brucella melitensis (sheep), abortus (cattle) & suis (pigs)
Stain: G- Features: rabbit and deer reservoirs Route: dermocenter tick (transovarian life cycle) Disease: tularemia, hepatosplenomegaly Tx: streptomycin
Fracisella tularensis
Stain: G-
Features: outer capsule, coagulase
Route: zoonotic (fleas and rodents)
Virulence: outer capsule, LPS, exotoxin V, exotoxin W
Disease: bubonic plague, pneumonic plague
Tx: streptomycin, tetracycline, vaccine
Yersinia pestis
Stain: acid fast
Features: tapering tip, extracellular, cold agglutinin, facultative anaerobe, cholesterol membrane, grows in essential agar or broth (fried egg appearance/MULBERRY)
Route: inhalation
Virulence: cytoadhesins; inhibit catalase
Disease: atypical pneumonia, bronchitis, non-productive
Tx: tetracyline for adults, erythromycin
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Stain: acid fast
Features: facultative anaerobe, cholesterol membrane
Disease: PID
Mycoplasma hominis
Stain: acid fast
Features: urease, facultative anaerobe, cholesterol membrane
Disease: urethritis
Mycoplasma urelyticum
Stain: G-
Features: No LPS, bare outer membrane, TrpK, stains on darkfield microscopy using silver strain
Route: STD
Virulence: hyaluronidase
Disease: syphilis (chancre, macular rash, condylomata lata, gummas, neurosyphilis)
Treponema pallidum
Stain: G-
Features: No LPS, wright stain, Giemsa stain
Route: body louse (Africa; person-person transmission), soft tick (US; rodent reservoir)
Virulence: antigenic variation
Disease: relapsing fever (fever - afebrile 3-10x)
Borrelia recurrentis (louse born) Borrelia hermsii (soft body tick)
Stain: G-
Features: No LPS, ELISA, IFA for Ab, Western blot is definitive
Route: Ixodes (hard tick nymph)
Disease: lyme disease, erythema migrans, arthritis, facial nerve palsy, myocarditis, menigitis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Stain: G-
Features: disseminates to all organs (especially liver and kidney), biphasic blood and CSF 1 dark field culture and serology
Route: urine from animals (rats, dogs, cattle), pigs through abraded skin
Disease: active leptospiremia then immune phase, impaired liver and kidney, viral meningitis
Leptospira interrogans
Stain: G-
Features: Anaerobic, endogenous, non-motile, non-sporulating, PCN and amino resistant, foul smelling abscesses, gas in tissues, mixed infx
Route: mouth and colon
Virulence: polysac capsule, enterotoxins (PI), BF toxin
Disease: intra-abdomen abscesses, septicemia
Tx: clindamycin
Bacteriodes fragilis
Stain: G-
Features: Anaerobic, enodgenous, black iron pigment when grown in blood agar
Route: mouth
Disease: peridonitis
Poryphyromonas gingivalis
Stain: G-
Features: Anaerobic, enodgenous, black iron pigment when grown in blood agar
Route: mouth and vagina
Prevotella
Stain: G-
Features: Anaerobic, enodgenous, pointed ends
Route: mouth
Disease: ANUG aka trench mouth
Fusobacterium
Stain: G+
Features: Anaerobic, enodgenous
Route: sebaceous sweat glands
Disease: acne
Propionilbacteria
Stain: G+
Features: Anaerobic, enodgenous
Route: mouth and colon
Peptostreptococci
Stain: G+
Features: Anaerobic, exogenous, spore forming, ground glass appearance, grows in frosty glass agar
Route: spores enter wounds
Virulence: tetanospasmin, convulsive
Disease: tetanus, lock jaw, spastic paralysis
Tx: neutralize toxin - HTIG
Clostridium tetani
Stain: G+
Features: Anaerobic, exogenous, spore forming, resist boiling
Route: food borne, wounds, infants (honey)
Virulence: botulinum toxin, block ach, flaccid paralysis
Tx: anti-toxin (heat-labile toxin)
Clostridium botulinum
Stain: G+
Features: Anaerobic, exogenous, spore forming
Route: spores contaminate wound, food poisoning
Virulence: gas from fermenting, alpha toxin → necrosis, enterotoxin
Disease: gas gangrene, diarrhea, no fever!
Clostridium perfringens
Stain: G+
Features: Anaerobic
Virulence: overgrowth, enterotoxin A, cytotoxin B, pseudomembranous plaques
Disease: watery diarrhea associated with antibiotics use, toxic megacolon
Clostridium difficile
Stain: G-
Features: rods, ferment glucose, oxidase -, reduce nitrate → nitrite
Virulence: Lipopolysac capsule, O Ags, H Ags, K Ags, endotoxin in bacterial cell wall → shock
Enterobacteriaceae
Stain: G-
Features: lactose fermenting
Disease: extraintestinal infections (UTI, bacteremia/sepsis, neonatal meningitis, abdominal abscess)
Escheria coli
Stain: G-
Features: lactose fermenting
Disease: traveler’s diarrhea, GE
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
Stain: G-
Features: lactose fermenting, lesions on mucosa of small intestine
Disease: childhood diarrhea
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
Stain: G-
Features: lactose fermenting, resemble stacked bricks on epithelium
Disease: infant diarrhea
Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC)
Stain: G-
Features: lactose fermenting
Virulence: verotoxin, Ag type O157: H7
Disease: mild diarrhea or hemorrhagic colitis
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
Stain: G-
Features: lactose fermenting, prominent capsule, no H antigen, red current jelly sputum
Disease: community-acquired lobar pneumonia
Kliebsiella pneumoniae
Stain: G-
Features: lactose fermenting, motile, weak opportunistic pathogens, associated with burns
Disease: respiratory infections and UTIs
Enterboacter
Stain: G-
Features: slow lactose fermenters, motile, some strains produce a red pigment
Disease: cause infections in hospital pts w/debilitating disorders
Serratia marcescens
Stain: G-
Features: non-lactose fermenting, motile (SWARMING), produce large amounts of urease, raise pH of urine, certain strains agglutinate in pts w/rickettsia
Proteus vulgaris
Route: contaminated meat & milk
Disease: enterocolitis in cold climates
Yersinia enterocolitica
Uncommon cause of human disease
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Stain: G-
Features: Oxidase -, glucose fermenting, motile
Virulence: pathogenicity islands, invasiveness of epithelial cells, survival w/n macrophages, serum resistance proteins, lipopolysaccharide, capsule, Vi Ag
Salmonella
Stain: G-
Features: non-motile, lactose -, 4 subspecies/serologic groups
Route: no animal host, fecal-oral spread
Virulence: invasiveness, toxin (w/enterotoxic, cytotoxic and neurotoxic activity)
Disease: bacillary dysentery (fever, blood diarrhea w/mucus and pus)
Shigella S. dysenteriae (serologic group A; NO MANNITOL FERMENTATION) S. flexneri (serologic group B) S. boydii (serologic group C) S. sonnei (serologic group D)
Stain: G-
Features: Oxidase -, glucose fermenting, motile, humans are only host
Disease: typhoid fever (fever & abdominal problems)
Salmonella typhi
Stain: G-
Features: Oxidase -, glucose fermenting, motile, humans are only host
Disease: paratyphoid fever (fever & abdominal problems)
Salmonella paratyphi, S. schottmuelleri & S. hirschfeldi
Stain: G-
Features: Oxidase -, glucose fermenting, motile
Disease: sepsis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis
Salmonella choleraesius & S. dublin
Stain: G-
Features: Oxidase -, glucose fermenting, motile
Disease: gastroenteritis (NVD for 2 days then spontaneous resolution)
Salmonella enteriditis
Stain: G-
Features: Oxidase -, glucose fermenting, motile
Disease: none (person excretes bacteria 1 year after infection; gall bladder is reservoir)
Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi A & S. paratyphi B
Stain: G-
Disease: Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG aka trench mouth)
Borrelia vincentii
