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Cells, tissues and organisms > Bacteria II > Flashcards

Bacteria II Flashcards

1
Q

define: normal flora

A

microorgs present on a healthy bacteria

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2
Q

resident vs transient flora?

A

always vs not always present

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3
Q

when are normal flora acquired?

A

during and shortly after pregnancy

change throughout life

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4
Q

where should normal flora be found?

A

surface tissues

uusally not in internal tissues

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5
Q

describe skin

A

resident and transient

inhospitable - low pH, high [NaCl], low moisture, antibacterial substances eg lysosyme

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6
Q

describe vagina

A

acid

lactobacilli

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7
Q

describe mouth

A

a lot: 500-600

saliva and food particles good source of nutrients, but hard for bacteria to gorw in saliva due to lysozyme

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8
Q

describe biofilm

A

found in mouth

often oxygen depleted - anaerobic bacteria flourish

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9
Q

describe stomach

A

acid resistant lactobacilli and streptococcil; some H pylori

not many at all

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10
Q

describe small intestine

A

pH, hence bacteria numbers, increase as you get furhter

duodenum –> jejunum –> ileum

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11
Q

describe large intestine

A 
a lot - 400 species
oxygen depleted - anaerobic thrive
bacteroides :strict anaerobes
e coli: facultative anaerobes
others
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12
Q

describe respiratory tract

A

contains normal flora; similar to mouth

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13
Q

what is disease?

A

when body stops working

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14
Q

causes of disease?

A

infection, metabolism, genes…

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15
Q

what is infection

A

when pathogens invade tissues

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16
Q

what causes infection

A

opportunistic pathogens: WERE ONCE NORMAL FLORA

pathogens: WERE NEVER NORMAL FLORA

17
Q

what are carriers?

A

organisms who are infected but not obviously diseased

18
Q

2 types of carriers

A

incubatory

convalescent

19
Q

why are humans great hosts?

A

have a lot of nutrients

stable yet variable

20
Q

4 steps in infection

A

exposure
adherence
invasion
colony growth

21
Q

2 types of exposure?

A
  • indirect (airborne particles and contamination)

- direct (airborne, vectors, horizontal and verticle (mum -> foetus))

22
Q

describe adherence

A

adherin and cell receptor bind

happens for pathogens and normal flora - but doesnt progress for normal flora

23
Q

what happens once the bacteria colonise?

A

harm cells by releasing toxins and invasins

24
Q

what are invasins

A

enzymes that harm host cell

25
Q

3 types of invasins

A

collagenase
hyaluronase
neuraminidase

26
Q

what is collagenase

A

clostridium

breaks down muscle collagen

27
Q

what is hyaluronase

A

streop, staph, slostridium

breaks down connective tissue

28
Q

what is neuraminidase

A

shigella, vibrio

degrades neuramic acid, which holds gut tissue together

29
Q

2 types of toxins?

A

endotoxins and exotoxins

30
Q

what are exotoxins

A

release toxins from inside

31
Q

examples of exotoxins

A

botulimum: causes paralysys

cholera toxin: damages gut wall, causing diarrhoea

32
Q

what are endotoxins

A

bacteria dies, LPS released

33
Q

examples of endotoxins

A

salmonella typhis: causes typhoid

Cells, tissues and organisms (24 decks)

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