Bacteria: Gram Negative and more Flashcards
Which of the following virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis is antigenic and has many serogroups, in which the most common causers of meningitis often possess serogroups A, B, and C?
A. Capsule
B. IgA1 protease
C. LPS
D. Pili
Capsule
Which virulence factor of Neisseria mengitidis causes blood vessel rupture that leads to petechiae on the skin, and causes potential damage to adrenal glands?
A. Capsule
B. IgA1 protease
C. LPS
D. Pili
LPS
What virulence factor is only found in Neisseria meningitidis? Bonus: what does this virulence factor do?
A. Capsule
B. IgA1 protease
C. LPS
D. Pili
IgA1 proteases
IgA1 protease cleaves IgA in half
What virulence factor of Neisseria mengitidis allows the pathogen to attach to nasopharyngeal cells and undergo antigenic variation that aids in preventing its detection by immune cells?
A. Capsule
B. IgA1 protease
C. LPS
D. Pili
Pilli
All of the following groups are high risk for infection by Neisseria mengitidis, EXCEPT?
A. Infants aged 6 months to 2 years old
B. Children aged 8-14
C. Army recruits
D. College freshman
Children aged 8-14
Which of the following is the most common form of meningococcal disease?
A. Meningococcemia
B. Fulminant Meningococcemia (WAterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome)
C. Meningitis
D. None of the above
Meningitis
Which of the following meningococcal diseases can lead to 2 of the other diseases listed below?
A. Meningococcemia
B. Fulminant Meningococcemia (WAterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome)
C. Meningitis
D. None of the above
Meningococcemia
NOTE:
Meningococcemia can lead to Fulminant mengococcemia and/or meningitis
Which of the following meningococcal diseases is essentially septic shock?
A. Meningococcemia
B. Fulminant Meningococcemia (WAterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome)
C. Meningitis
D. None of the above
Fulminant Meningococcemia (WAterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome)
What are the 3 bacteria responsible for most meningitis acquired by an infant LESs than 3 months old?
Listeria
E. coli
Group B Strep
The classic medium used for testing for N. meningitidis is called Thayer-Martin VCN that is a chocolate agar with antibiotics. The V stands for vancomycin which causes what affect?
A. Destruction of all gram negative bacteria except for Neisseria
B. Destruction of all gram positive bacteria
C. Destruction of all fungi
D. All of the above
Destruction of all gram positive bacteria
The classic medium used for testing for N. meningitidis is called Thayer-Martin VCN that is a chocolate agar with antibiotics. The C stands for colistin which causes what affect?
A. Destruction of all gram negative bacteria except for Neisseria
B. Destruction of all gram positive bacteria
C. Destruction of all fungi
D. All of the above
Destruction of all gram negative bacteria except for Neisseria
The classic medium used for testing for N. meningitidis is called Thayer-Martin VCN that is a chocolate agar with antibiotics. The N stands for nystatin which causes what affect?
A. Destruction of all gram negative bacteria except for Neisseria
B. Destruction of all gram positive bacteria
C. Destruction of all fungi
D. All of the above
Destruction of all fungi
What is the second most common STI?
What gram negative bacteria is responsible for causing this STI?
What is the second most common STI?
gonorrheae
What gram negative bacteria is responsible for causing this STI?
gonococcus (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
Which of the following is true of ALL of the Gonococcus virulence factors Pili, PorA, and PorB, and Opa proteins overall? Bonus: For the incorrect options, highlight which virulence factor the trait is specific for.
A. They destroy the cilia on neighboring cells
B. They prevent phagocytosis
C. They promote invasion into the host’s epithelial cells
D. Allow gonococcus to bind to non-ciliated epithelial cells
- A. They destroy the cilia on neighboring cells (LPS endotoxin)*
- B. They prevent phagocytosis (Pili)*
- C. They promote invasion into the host’s epithelial cells (Opa proteins, PorA, and Por B)*
D. Allow gonococcus to bind to non-ciliated epithelial cells
PID can occur when a gonococcal infection of the cervix progresses and infects the uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or endometrium. IUD’s increase risk of cervical gonococcal infection occurence, and 50% of cases of PID occur within one week of onset of menses. What can you tell me is the greatest complication of PID?
A. Ectopic pregnancy
B. Absecess
C. Infertility
D. Peritonitis
E. Peri-hepatitis
Infertility
NOTE:
The other listed options are all potential complications of PID
What are two possible disease occurances that may develop in men or women with gonococcal infection that goes untreated?
Bacteremia (rare)
Septic Arthritis
T/F: the HACEK group of bacteria is a slow growing gram negative pathogenic group known to cause endocarditis and includes Kingella
True
Moraxella Catarrhalis is a gram negative bacteria that’s also known as Branhamella catarrhalis. This pathogen causes what 2 major diseases? What groups mostly develop the diseases caused by this pathogen?
Otitis media
children under 3
Upper respiratory infection
elderly and people with COPD
Though the enterics are a large group of gram negative bacteria for which there are many groups. What are the 4 main groups?
Enterobacteriaeceae
Vibrionaceae
Pseudomonadaceae
Bacteriodaceae
The Enterics: Enter Vibrating Pseudo Bacteria
How are coliforms useful for determining if fecal matter is contaminating a water source?
What is a common coliform?
How are coliforms useful for determining if fecal matter is contaminating a water source?
Coliforms are normal bacterial inhabitants of the intestine, and their presence in a water source indicates that intestinal contents (poop) are present in that system
What is a common coliform?
E. coli
Which of the following enterics are able to ferment lactose, converting it to acid and gas?
A. Shigella
B. Salmonella
C. E. coli and most of the enterobactericeae
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
E. coli and most of the enterobactericeae
In an EMB agar (eosine methyelene blue) E. coli turns which of the following colors?
A. Deep purple to black
B. Metallic green sheen
C. Pink-purple
D. None of the above
Metallic green sheen
NOTE:
EMB turns lactose fermenters deep purple black
MacConkey turns lactose fermenters into a pink-purple coloration
Gram negative, lactose fermenting bacteria would likley appear what color when plated on a MacConkey agar?
A. Deep purple to black
B. Metallic green sheen
C. Pink-purple
D. None of the above
Pink-purple
Enterics have 3 major surface antigens that all vary slightly between each bacterium. Which of the following Ags is not found on Shigella and thus is why it is not motile and lacks flagella unlike Salmonella?
A. O antigen
B. K antigen
C. H antigen
H antigen
Enterics have 3 major surface antigens that all vary slightly between each bacterium. Which of the following Ags is the outer most antigen?
A. O antigen
B. K antigen
C. H antigen
O antigen
NOTE:
O antigen is the Outer most antigen
K antigen forms the Kapsule
Which of the following is likely the cause of watery diarrhea without system symptoms?
A. Enterics do not invade the cell but bind and release enterotoxins; exemplified by E. coli and vibrio cholera
B. Enterics invade the intestinal epithelial cells throughutilization of their virulence factors; exemplified by E. coli, Salmonella, and shigella
C. Enterics invade lymph nodes and the bloodstream; exemplified by Salmonella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter jejuni
D. None of the above
A. Enterics do not invade the cell but bind and release enterotoxins; exemplified by E. coli and vibrio cholera
Which of the following is likely the cause of diahrrea containing WBCs and RBCs, followed by system reaction where we see fever, headache, and increased WBCs (left shift?)?
A. Enterics do not invade the cell but bind and release enterotoxins; exemplified by E. coli and vibrio cholera
B. Enterics invade the intestinal epithelial cells throughutilization of their virulence factors; exemplified by E. coli, Salmonella, and shigella
C. Enterics invade lymph nodes and the bloodstream; exemplified by Salmonella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter jejuni
D. None of the above
C. Enterics invade lymph nodes and the bloodstream; exemplified by Salmonella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter jejuni
NOTE:
When enterics just invade intestinal epithelial cells we will likely just find WBCs in the stool
Based on the virulence factors of E. Coli, it can cause diarrhea that resembles infection from what 2 other enterics?
Vibrio cholera
Shigella
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC) causes “travelers diarrhea” where the diarrhea is watery due to inhibited uptake of NaCl by intestinal cells. ETEC is caused by which of the following mechanisms/virulence factors?
A.Pili releases shiga-like toxin which mimics the MOA of Shiga toxin
B. Pili releases heat labile (LT) and heat stable (ST) toxin
C. Pili releases virulence factor that is encoded by the same plasmid that Shigella contains
D. None of the above
B. Pili releases heat labile (LT) and heat stable (ST) toxin
See ETEC and think about the factors with a T in them, LT and ST