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Y Microbiology > Bacteria: Gram, biochem, important culture info, etc. (incomplete) > Flashcards

Bacteria: Gram, biochem, important culture info, etc. (incomplete) Flashcards

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1
Q

What syndrome named after some dudes can be caused by N. meningitidis?

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen. Hemorrhage of adrenal glands, associated with sepsis. Means you have to give glucocorticoids with the other treatment

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2
Q

Francisella tularensis:

Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, WHO bioterror category, culture

A

Gram neg rods, aerobic, bioterror category A

Culture: Francis medium - glucose, cysteine, rabbit blood

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3
Q

Corynebacterium diptheria:

Gram, morphology, special media, in vivo and vitro tests, and vaccine

A 
Gram+ club-shaped rods
Loeffler media, Clauberg media are selective differential. Clauberg turns black to grey.
In vivo test Roemer plate
In vitro Elek test
Vaccine is Toxoid
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4
Q

What are the Gram negative non-fermenting rod genuses?

A

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Acinetobacter, Strenotrophomonas, Legionella

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5
Q

Haemophilus influenzae:

What is the most important type of it, and what does it cause?

A

B type, causes meningitis (it’s encapsulated - encapsulated bacteria can cause meningitis).

Has vaccine (HiB)

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6
Q

What type of vaccine is the one for Hemophilus influenzae B?

A

capsule antigen, conjugate vaccine (polysaccharide + protein)

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7
Q

Staphylococcus hemolyticus and hominis:

Gram, differentiating ATB, biochem

A

Gram +, novobiocin sensitive, catalase +, coagulase -

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8
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa:

Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, capsule, motility

A

Gram neg non-fermenting rod, obligate aerob, no capsule, motile

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9
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae:

Gram, morphology, motility, biochem

A

Gram+ rod, non-motile

Catalase neg

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10
Q

Streptococcus in general have what Gram and catalase result?

A

Gram +

Catalase -

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11
Q

Listeria monocytogenes:

Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, relation to host cell, hemolysis, biochem tests

A

Gram+ rod, facultative anaerob, facultative intracellular, motile, beta hemolytic
Catalase +, CAMP+

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12
Q

What type of vaccine are the ones for Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

There’s an unconjugated one that triggers IgM, and another 13 valent conjugated to protein that allows IgG response (this from lecture, sketchy micro says its 7 valent, but the 13 valent is a newer conjugate vaccine)

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13
Q

Streptococcus viridans:

Gram, differentiating ATB, bile relation, hemolysis

A

Gram +, optochin resistant, bile resistant, alpha hemolysis

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14
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae:

Differentiating ATB, biochem

A

Bacitracin resistant, CAMP +

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15
Q

Bordatella pertussis:

Culture media, biochem

A

Charcoal or Bordet-Genou media (potato extract, sheep blood, and ATB’s against normal flora. B. pertussis -> mercury drop like appearance, no hemolysis)
Oxidase +, urease -

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16
Q

Burkholderia pseudomallei:
Gram, morphology, major disease association
prob dont need to know

A 
Gram neg rod
Causes melioidosis (endemic Glanders-like disease)
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17
Q

Trepenoma pallidum:

Gram, morphology, microscopy, cultivation, major disease

A

No gram staining, spirochaetales
Use dark field microscopy
Can’t cultivate normally, only done in rabbit testis
Causes syphillis

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18
Q

Haemophilus influenzae:

special culture media

A

Culture requires factor V (NAD) and factor X (hematin)
Chocolate agar (+ chopped meat + vancomysin to select out gram positives)
Blood agar has satellite phenomenon with staph aureus

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19
Q

Bordatella pertussis:

Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen

A

Gram neg, coccobacillus, aerobic

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20
Q

What is the major sign of infection by Haemophilus ducreyi?

A

ulcus molle / chancroid / soft chancre (STD genital ulcers)

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21
Q

Yersinia pestis:
Special stains, features
Biochem

A

Giemsa stain
Wayson’s stain: bipolar, hairpin-like appearance
Biochem: lactose -, ONPG +, urease -, oxidase -

22
Q

Legionella pneumophila:

Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen

A

Gram neg rod, aerobic

23
Q

Yersinia pestis:

Gram, morphology, WHO bioterror category,

A

Gram neg rods, WHO bioterror category A

24
Q

What are the 3 spirochaetales genuses we need to know?

What is the Gram stain of spirochaetales?

A

Trepenoma, Borrelia, Leptospira

All not Gram stained, very small bacteria

25
Q

Peptostreptococci:

Relation to oxygen

A

Anaerobic

26
Q

What is the major sign of Borrelia burgdorferi sunsu lato infection?

A

Erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) - bullseye rash of Lyme disease

27
Q

What type of vaccine is the one for Neisseria meningitidis?

A

capsule antigen

28
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis:

Gram, biochemistry, differentiating ATB

A

Gram+, catalase +, coag -, mannitol -, novobiocin sensitive

29
Q

Enterococcus faecalis and faecium:

Gram, important biochem factors, blood agar culture morphology

A

Gram +, bile resistant
Biochem: esculin (polysaccharide) hydrolysis
Blood agar: makes grayish/greenish colonies, gamma hemolytic

30
Q

What stain to use for Neisseria gonorrhoae?

What biochem test distinguishes it from meningitidis?

A

Use methylene blue to find kidney-shaped diplococci in PMN’s

It’s maltose -, while meningitis is maltose +

31
Q

What is the major disease of Haemophilus aegyptius?

A

Brazilian Puerpuric Fever

32
Q

Burkholderia mallei:

Gram, morphology, major disease association

A 
Gram neg rod
causes Glanders (get it from horses)
33
Q

Trepenoma pallidum:

Serology, phases of disease, major problem with treatment

A

Serology: nonspecific use of cardiolipin antigen via VDRL or RPR (may show false positive with SLE, RA, etc.) or specific with TPHA screen
Phases: Syphillis I, II, Latency, III
Treatment: may lead to Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction when dead bacterial endotoxin stimulates major cytokine response

34
Q

Lactobacillus species:

Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, spores, special medium

A

Gram pos rod/pleomorphic, facultative anaerob or microaerophilic, non-sporeforming
Use Rogosa medim

35
Q

What type of vaccine is the one for Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

capsule antigen

36
Q

Staphylococcus aureus:

Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, hemolysis, colony formation, biochem

A

Gram+ cocci, facultative anaerob. Beta hemolysis.
Agar: circular, golden-yellow colones with non-diffusible pigment.
Catalase +, coagulase +, mannitol +

37
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus:

Gram, differentiating ATB, biochem

A

Gram +, novobiocin resistant, urease +, catalase +, coagulase -

38
Q

Which streptococci are in Lancefield A, B, and D categories?

A

A: pyogenes
B: agalactiae
D: enterococcus

39
Q

Which streptococci have alpha, beta, and gamma hemolysis?

A

Alpha: S. pneumoniae
Beta: S. pyogenes, agalactiae
Gamma: lactis, enterococci

40
Q

Both important Neisseria species:

Gram, morphology, biochem, culture media

A

Gram - diplococci, oxidase +, glucose +, chocolate agar / Thayer Martin

41
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes:

capsule, differentiating ATB

A

Capsule of Hyaluronic Acid (evades detection because humans have HA normally)
Bacitracin sensitive

42
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae:

Gram, morphology, bile relation, hemolysis, differentiating ATB, capsule, Lancefield, special stain

A

Gram +, “lancet-shaped” diplococci, bile sensitive
Alpha hemolytic, optochin sensitive, polysaccharide capsule - no Lancefield category
Quellung reaction is special stain technique that increases reactivity

43
Q

What type of vaccine is the one for Clostridium tetani?

A

toxoid

44
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa:
Culture media
Biochem

A

Grows on many culture media
EMB: lactose negative
Blood agar: beta hemolysis around smooth, round, mucoid colonies.. see red, black, green, or blue from pyorubin, pyomelanin, pyoverdin, or pyocyanin
Oxidase +

45
Q

Haemophilus influenzae:

Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, biochem

A

Gram neg coccobacillus, facultative anaerob.

Catalase -, oxidase -, urease +

46
Q

Brucella species:

Gram, morphology, WHO bioterror category

A

Gram neg coccobacilli

WHO bioterror Category B

47
Q

What are some major diseases are caused by Streptococcus pyogenes? (only 4 listed, and they’re not post-streptococcal)

A

Scarlet fever (via Erythrogen Toxin)
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Puerperal fever
Necrotizing fasciitis

48
Q

Legionella pneumophila:

Staining, culture media, biochem

A

Needs silver nitrate impregnation, Gram doesn’t work well
BCYE culture: buffered charcoal yeast extract, also has cysteine.
Biochem: catalase +, oxidase +, hydrolyzes hippourate

49
Q

What type of vaccine is the one for Bordetella pertussis?

A

acellular + toxoid

50
Q

Which are the (medically important) aerobic pyogenic gram negative cocci?

A

Neisseria gonorrheae and meningitidis

Moraxella catarrhalis

Y Microbiology (9 decks)

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