Bacteria: Gram, biochem, important culture info, etc. (incomplete) Flashcards
What syndrome named after some dudes can be caused by N. meningitidis?
Waterhouse-Friderichsen. Hemorrhage of adrenal glands, associated with sepsis. Means you have to give glucocorticoids with the other treatment
Francisella tularensis:
Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, WHO bioterror category, culture
Gram neg rods, aerobic, bioterror category A
Culture: Francis medium - glucose, cysteine, rabbit blood
Corynebacterium diptheria:
Gram, morphology, special media, in vivo and vitro tests, and vaccine
Gram+ club-shaped rods Loeffler media, Clauberg media are selective differential. Clauberg turns black to grey. In vivo test Roemer plate In vitro Elek test Vaccine is Toxoid
What are the Gram negative non-fermenting rod genuses?
Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Acinetobacter, Strenotrophomonas, Legionella
Haemophilus influenzae:
What is the most important type of it, and what does it cause?
B type, causes meningitis (it’s encapsulated - encapsulated bacteria can cause meningitis).
Has vaccine (HiB)
What type of vaccine is the one for Hemophilus influenzae B?
capsule antigen, conjugate vaccine (polysaccharide + protein)
Staphylococcus hemolyticus and hominis:
Gram, differentiating ATB, biochem
Gram +, novobiocin sensitive, catalase +, coagulase -
Pseudomonas aeruginosa:
Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, capsule, motility
Gram neg non-fermenting rod, obligate aerob, no capsule, motile
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae:
Gram, morphology, motility, biochem
Gram+ rod, non-motile
Catalase neg
Streptococcus in general have what Gram and catalase result?
Gram +
Catalase -
Listeria monocytogenes:
Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, relation to host cell, hemolysis, biochem tests
Gram+ rod, facultative anaerob, facultative intracellular, motile, beta hemolytic
Catalase +, CAMP+
What type of vaccine are the ones for Streptococcus pneumoniae?
There’s an unconjugated one that triggers IgM, and another 13 valent conjugated to protein that allows IgG response (this from lecture, sketchy micro says its 7 valent, but the 13 valent is a newer conjugate vaccine)
Streptococcus viridans:
Gram, differentiating ATB, bile relation, hemolysis
Gram +, optochin resistant, bile resistant, alpha hemolysis
Streptococcus agalactiae:
Differentiating ATB, biochem
Bacitracin resistant, CAMP +
Bordatella pertussis:
Culture media, biochem
Charcoal or Bordet-Genou media (potato extract, sheep blood, and ATB’s against normal flora. B. pertussis -> mercury drop like appearance, no hemolysis)
Oxidase +, urease -
Burkholderia pseudomallei:
Gram, morphology, major disease association
prob dont need to know
Gram neg rod Causes melioidosis (endemic Glanders-like disease)
Trepenoma pallidum:
Gram, morphology, microscopy, cultivation, major disease
No gram staining, spirochaetales
Use dark field microscopy
Can’t cultivate normally, only done in rabbit testis
Causes syphillis
Haemophilus influenzae:
special culture media
Culture requires factor V (NAD) and factor X (hematin)
Chocolate agar (+ chopped meat + vancomysin to select out gram positives)
Blood agar has satellite phenomenon with staph aureus
Bordatella pertussis:
Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen
Gram neg, coccobacillus, aerobic
What is the major sign of infection by Haemophilus ducreyi?
ulcus molle / chancroid / soft chancre (STD genital ulcers)
Yersinia pestis:
Special stains, features
Biochem
Giemsa stain
Wayson’s stain: bipolar, hairpin-like appearance
Biochem: lactose -, ONPG +, urease -, oxidase -
Legionella pneumophila:
Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen
Gram neg rod, aerobic
Yersinia pestis:
Gram, morphology, WHO bioterror category,
Gram neg rods, WHO bioterror category A
What are the 3 spirochaetales genuses we need to know?
What is the Gram stain of spirochaetales?
Trepenoma, Borrelia, Leptospira
All not Gram stained, very small bacteria
Peptostreptococci:
Relation to oxygen
Anaerobic
What is the major sign of Borrelia burgdorferi sunsu lato infection?
Erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) - bullseye rash of Lyme disease
What type of vaccine is the one for Neisseria meningitidis?
capsule antigen
Staphylococcus epidermidis:
Gram, biochemistry, differentiating ATB
Gram+, catalase +, coag -, mannitol -, novobiocin sensitive
Enterococcus faecalis and faecium:
Gram, important biochem factors, blood agar culture morphology
Gram +, bile resistant
Biochem: esculin (polysaccharide) hydrolysis
Blood agar: makes grayish/greenish colonies, gamma hemolytic
What stain to use for Neisseria gonorrhoae?
What biochem test distinguishes it from meningitidis?
Use methylene blue to find kidney-shaped diplococci in PMN’s
It’s maltose -, while meningitis is maltose +
What is the major disease of Haemophilus aegyptius?
Brazilian Puerpuric Fever
Burkholderia mallei:
Gram, morphology, major disease association
Gram neg rod causes Glanders (get it from horses)
Trepenoma pallidum:
Serology, phases of disease, major problem with treatment
Serology: nonspecific use of cardiolipin antigen via VDRL or RPR (may show false positive with SLE, RA, etc.) or specific with TPHA screen
Phases: Syphillis I, II, Latency, III
Treatment: may lead to Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction when dead bacterial endotoxin stimulates major cytokine response
Lactobacillus species:
Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, spores, special medium
Gram pos rod/pleomorphic, facultative anaerob or microaerophilic, non-sporeforming
Use Rogosa medim
What type of vaccine is the one for Streptococcus pneumoniae?
capsule antigen
Staphylococcus aureus:
Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, hemolysis, colony formation, biochem
Gram+ cocci, facultative anaerob. Beta hemolysis.
Agar: circular, golden-yellow colones with non-diffusible pigment.
Catalase +, coagulase +, mannitol +
Staphylococcus saprophyticus:
Gram, differentiating ATB, biochem
Gram +, novobiocin resistant, urease +, catalase +, coagulase -
Which streptococci are in Lancefield A, B, and D categories?
A: pyogenes
B: agalactiae
D: enterococcus
Which streptococci have alpha, beta, and gamma hemolysis?
Alpha: S. pneumoniae
Beta: S. pyogenes, agalactiae
Gamma: lactis, enterococci
Both important Neisseria species:
Gram, morphology, biochem, culture media
Gram - diplococci, oxidase +, glucose +, chocolate agar / Thayer Martin
Streptococcus pyogenes:
capsule, differentiating ATB
Capsule of Hyaluronic Acid (evades detection because humans have HA normally)
Bacitracin sensitive
Streptococcus pneumoniae:
Gram, morphology, bile relation, hemolysis, differentiating ATB, capsule, Lancefield, special stain
Gram +, “lancet-shaped” diplococci, bile sensitive
Alpha hemolytic, optochin sensitive, polysaccharide capsule - no Lancefield category
Quellung reaction is special stain technique that increases reactivity
What type of vaccine is the one for Clostridium tetani?
toxoid
Pseudomonas aeruginosa:
Culture media
Biochem
Grows on many culture media
EMB: lactose negative
Blood agar: beta hemolysis around smooth, round, mucoid colonies.. see red, black, green, or blue from pyorubin, pyomelanin, pyoverdin, or pyocyanin
Oxidase +
Haemophilus influenzae:
Gram, morphology, relation to oxygen, biochem
Gram neg coccobacillus, facultative anaerob.
Catalase -, oxidase -, urease +
Brucella species:
Gram, morphology, WHO bioterror category
Gram neg coccobacilli
WHO bioterror Category B
What are some major diseases are caused by Streptococcus pyogenes? (only 4 listed, and they’re not post-streptococcal)
Scarlet fever (via Erythrogen Toxin)
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Puerperal fever
Necrotizing fasciitis
Legionella pneumophila:
Staining, culture media, biochem
Needs silver nitrate impregnation, Gram doesn’t work well
BCYE culture: buffered charcoal yeast extract, also has cysteine.
Biochem: catalase +, oxidase +, hydrolyzes hippourate
What type of vaccine is the one for Bordetella pertussis?
acellular + toxoid
Which are the (medically important) aerobic pyogenic gram negative cocci?
Neisseria gonorrheae and meningitidis
Moraxella catarrhalis
