Bacteria Cell Structures chapter 4 LECTURE 2 Flashcards
PROKARYOTIC Vs. EUKARYOTIC
* Everything is floating around <–> * ____________________________
* DNA in _______________ <–> * DNA in ________________
1) has a membrane bound organelles
2) nucleolus ( floating in the cytoplasm )
3) nucleus
Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have
- __________________
- ______
- ____________
1) RNA cytoplasm flagella
2) DNA
3) Ribosomes
The Cell Envelope covers the cell and it includes:
- _________________
- _________________
- _________________
1) Cell Membrane (always)
2) Cell Wall (usually)
3) Glycocalyx (sometimes)
Glycocalyx divided into two layers called:
- ___________
- ___________
1) Capsule
2) Slime layer
Cytoplasmic membrane is also called a _______________
bilipid layer
what are the Functions of the Plasma Membrane?
- Regulate _______/________ of materials
- __________ between Cell/ Environment
- Structure
- Photosynthetic
- ___________ production
1) Entry and Exit
2) Interaction
3) Energy
Hydrophilic means it’s ____________
Hydrophobic means it’s ___________
1) Water loving
2) not water loving
Membrane Transport
THINGS TEND TO MOVE FROM HIGH CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION.
- Fcilitated diffusion- requires a ________________
- Simple diffusion- something _______________________
- Passive transport- ___________ to _____________
- Active transport- ___________ to ______________
1) protein channel and energy
4) that goes straigh thru (Ex. lipid soluable, little charge)
3) high concentration to low concentration
4) low concentration to high concentration (rquires energy)
Osmosis is the ________________________
diffusion of water
Bacterial cell wall is composed of ________________, which is a series of ___________ and __________ connected by _______________.
1) peptidoglycan
2) NAG
3) NAM
4) tetrapetides
Gram + has a ________ layer of peptidoglycan (outside of the plasma mem)
Gram - has a _______ layer of peptidoglycan in addition to outter and inner _____________.
IT ALSO HAS ____________ ( protein channels that move things)
1) Thick
2) Thin
3) lipid layer
4) Corens
Gram neg outer layer has ______________, that contains Lipid A which contains _______________
1) Lipopolysacharide
2) Endotoxin
If we try to destroy it w/ antibiotics, gram negative will release endotoxin.
_______________ are toxins contained in the gram negative cell wall that are released when the cell is destroyed
Endotoxins
Cell Wall = Cell _________
Integrity
what does O-antigen do?
stimulate immune response
0157:H7 is the _________ found in ____________________.
H refers to the type of flaggela
1) Ecoli (has the o-antigen)
2) various of food products
causes severe diariah and possible death
LIST THE EFFECTS OF ENDOTOXIN
- _______________
- Bleeding
- Vasodilation–> ____________–>vessels open–> ______________–> Death
- _____________
- Fever
1) Cogulation throbosis
2) Hypotension
3) low blood pressure
4) Inflamation
bleeding along with the coagolation can lead to ________________
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Gram stain
Gram negative layer desolves w/ the alcohol
Myobacterium is considered an ____________________, that has a _________________
1) Acid fast bacteria ( gram positive, however has a very thin layer of peptidoglycan, thinner than gram - )
2) cell membrane
Myobacterium contains Mycolic Acid on the outside, which is _______________ that makes it hard for ________________ to get thru.
1) A waxy layer
2) Antibiotics
mycobacterium tuberculosis causes ___________________
1) tuberculosis
Mycobacterium leprae ( also known as Hansen’s coccus spirilly) is a gram-positive bacterium that causes ______________
leprosy
Mycobacterium avium complex is found in _________________
HIV PATIENTS
Mycoplasma does not have a __________________
FYI : it has cholestral in cell membrane because it doesn’t have …………………
Cell wall
Biofilms: Microorgaisms secrete _______________–> gelatenous substance, microbs come and joins them –> makes _______________–> hard to kill
1) capsule and slime layer
2) layers and layer
Glycocalyx = ________ and _________
1) Carbs
2) Proteins
Glycocalyx could be a capsule, which means __________________ OR it could be a slime layer, which means ____________________
1) It’s well organized and tightly packed
2) It’s less organized and lossely packed
” Outside of cell “
Capsules
- Adhere to __________
- protection from the _______________
- slippery
- composed of material found in humans
- protection against ____________
1) structures
2) immune System
3) env. conditions
External structures
- ____________
- Appendges
- _________
- ______
1) Endospores
2) Flagella
3) Pili
Endospore is _______________________________________
DNA enclosed in hard shell
Vegitaitive cells are ______________________
metabolically active
Endospore’s Cycle
DNA is replicated and seperated in a ____________ that is resistant to drying heat, chemicals –> takes a lot to kill
Spore Coat
Not all bateria has the ability to produce endospores.
the free endospore Saves __________________ under harsh conditions.
essential components
C.Diff: Infection caused by ( clostridium bacteria ) lives in gut –> antibiotics take out good bacteria –> C.Diff comes out and releases spores
Flagella is attached to ________________
Cell envelope
Basol body is attached to cell membrane
The HOOK connects _____________ to the __________.
_________________ is the part that moves.
1) basal body
2) filament
3) Filament or filambea ( im not sure how it’s spelled)
Flagella Arrangements
- __________________
- __________________
- __________________
- __________________
1) Monotrichous
2) Lophotrichous
3) Peritrichous
4) Amphitrichous
Flagella that runs counter-clock wise runs __________________, where clockwise runs _______________
1) in a straight line
2) everywhere
Pili
only way they connect physically to __________________
share DNA (bacteria cells)
Plasmid - _____________________
plasmid is a superpower that helps Pili to form and connect bacteria conjugation
1) Extrachromosomal DNA
Fimbriae are ________________, that attaches to ___________________.
1) external appendages
2) enviromental structures
Conjgatin bacteria have:
Nucleiod –> _________________
Ribosomes –> ________________
1) hold DNA
2) Protein Synthesis
Internal Structures
- ____________
- ____________
- ____________
1) Nucleoid
2) Plasmids
3) Ribosomes
Bacteria has ____________ chromosome
circular
Bacteria has 70S Ribosomes
______ + _______ = 70S
We have 80S Ribosomes
_______ + _______= 80S
1) 50s, 30s
2) 60s, 40s
