Bacteria Cell Structures chapter 4 LECTURE 2

Question 1

PROKARYOTIC Vs. EUKARYOTIC

* Everything is floating around <–> * ____________________________

* DNA in _______________ <–> * DNA in ________________

Answer 1

1) has a membrane bound organelles
2) nucleolus ( floating in the cytoplasm )
3) nucleus

Question 2

Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have

• __________________
• ______
• ____________

Answer 2

1) RNA cytoplasm flagella
2) DNA
3) Ribosomes

Question 3

The Cell Envelope covers the cell and it includes:

• _________________
• _________________
• _________________

Answer 3

1) Cell Membrane (always)
2) Cell Wall (usually)
3) Glycocalyx (sometimes)

Question 4

Glycocalyx divided into two layers called:

• ___________
• ___________

Answer 4

1) Capsule
2) Slime layer

Question 5

Cytoplasmic membrane is also called a _______________

Answer 5

bilipid layer

Question 6

what are the Functions of the Plasma Membrane?

• Regulate _______/________ of materials
• __________ between Cell/ Environment
• Structure
• Photosynthetic
• ___________ production

Answer 6

1) Entry and Exit
2) Interaction
3) Energy

Question 7

Hydrophilic means it’s ____________

Hydrophobic means it’s ___________

Answer 7

1) Water loving
2) not water loving

Question 8

Membrane Transport

THINGS TEND TO MOVE FROM HIGH CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION.

• Fcilitated diffusion- requires a ________________
• Simple diffusion- something _______________________
• Passive transport- ___________ to _____________
• Active transport- ___________ to ______________

Answer 8

1) protein channel and energy
4) that goes straigh thru (Ex. lipid soluable, little charge)
3) high concentration to low concentration
4) low concentration to high concentration (rquires energy)

Question 9

Osmosis is the ________________________

Answer 9

diffusion of water

Question 10

Bacterial cell wall is composed of ________________, which is a series of ___________ and __________ connected by _______________.

Answer 10

1) peptidoglycan
2) NAG
3) NAM
4) tetrapetides

Question 11

Gram + has a ________ layer of peptidoglycan (outside of the plasma mem)

Gram - has a _______ layer of peptidoglycan in addition to outter and inner _____________.

IT ALSO HAS ____________ ( protein channels that move things)

Answer 11

1) Thick
2) Thin
3) lipid layer
4) Corens

Question 12

Gram neg outer layer has ______________, that contains Lipid A which contains _______________

Answer 12

1) Lipopolysacharide
2) Endotoxin

If we try to destroy it w/ antibiotics, gram negative will release endotoxin.

Question 13

_______________ are toxins contained in the gram negative cell wall that are released when the cell is destroyed

Answer 13

Endotoxins

Question 14

Cell Wall = Cell _________

Answer 14

Integrity

Question 15

what does O-antigen do?

Answer 15

stimulate immune response

Question 16

0157:H7 is the _________ found in ____________________.

H refers to the type of flaggela

Answer 16

1) Ecoli (has the o-antigen)
2) various of food products

causes severe diariah and possible death

Question 17

LIST THE EFFECTS OF ENDOTOXIN

• _______________
• Bleeding
• Vasodilation–> ____________–>vessels open–> ______________–> Death
• _____________
• Fever

Answer 17

1) Cogulation throbosis
2) Hypotension
3) low blood pressure
4) Inflamation

Question 18

bleeding along with the coagolation can lead to ________________

Answer 18

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Question 19

Gram stain

Answer 19

Gram negative layer desolves w/ the alcohol

Question 20

Myobacterium is considered an ____________________, that has a _________________

Answer 20

1) Acid fast bacteria ( gram positive, however has a very thin layer of peptidoglycan, thinner than gram - )
2) cell membrane

Question 21

Myobacterium contains Mycolic Acid on the outside, which is _______________ that makes it hard for ________________ to get thru.

Answer 21

1) A waxy layer
2) Antibiotics

Question 22

mycobacterium tuberculosis causes ___________________

Answer 22

1) tuberculosis

Question 23

Mycobacterium leprae ( also known as Hansen’s coccus spirilly) is a gram-positive bacterium that causes ______________

Answer 23

leprosy

Question 24

Mycobacterium avium complex is found in _________________

Answer 24

HIV PATIENTS

Question 25

Mycoplasma does not have a __________________

FYI : it has cholestral in cell membrane because it doesn’t have …………………

Answer 25

Cell wall

Question 26

Biofilms: Microorgaisms secrete _______________–> gelatenous substance, microbs come and joins them –> makes _______________–> hard to kill

Answer 26

1) capsule and slime layer
2) layers and layer

Question 27

Glycocalyx = ________ and _________

Answer 27

1) Carbs
2) Proteins

Question 28

Glycocalyx could be a capsule, which means __________________ OR it could be a slime layer, which means ____________________

Answer 28

1) It’s well organized and tightly packed
2) It’s less organized and lossely packed

” Outside of cell “

Question 29

Capsules

• Adhere to __________
• protection from the _______________
• slippery
• composed of material found in humans
• protection against ____________

Answer 29

1) structures
2) immune System
3) env. conditions

Question 30

External structures

• ____________
• Appendges
  
  • _________
  • ______

Answer 30

1) Endospores
2) Flagella
3) Pili

Question 31

Endospore is _______________________________________

Answer 31

DNA enclosed in hard shell

Question 32

Vegitaitive cells are ______________________

Answer 32

metabolically active

Question 33

Endospore’s Cycle

DNA is replicated and seperated in a ____________ that is resistant to drying heat, chemicals –> takes a lot to kill

Answer 33

Spore Coat

Question 34

Not all bateria has the ability to produce endospores.

the free endospore Saves __________________ under harsh conditions.

Answer 34

essential components

Question 35

C.Diff: Infection caused by ( clostridium bacteria ) lives in gut –> antibiotics take out good bacteria –> C.Diff comes out and releases spores

Question 36

Flagella is attached to ________________

Answer 36

Cell envelope

Question 37

Basol body is attached to cell membrane

The HOOK connects _____________ to the __________.

_________________ is the part that moves.

Answer 37

1) basal body
2) filament
3) Filament or filambea ( im not sure how it’s spelled)

Question 38

Flagella Arrangements

• __________________
• __________________
• __________________
• __________________

Answer 38

1) Monotrichous
2) Lophotrichous
3) Peritrichous
4) Amphitrichous

Question 39

Flagella that runs counter-clock wise runs __________________, where clockwise runs _______________

Answer 39

1) in a straight line
2) everywhere

Question 40

Pili

only way they connect physically to __________________

Answer 40

share DNA (bacteria cells)

Question 41

Plasmid - _____________________

plasmid is a superpower that helps Pili to form and connect bacteria conjugation

Answer 41

1) Extrachromosomal DNA

Question 42

Fimbriae are ________________, that attaches to ___________________.

Answer 42

1) external appendages
2) enviromental structures

Question 43

Conjgatin bacteria have:

Nucleiod –> _________________

Ribosomes –> ________________

Answer 43

1) hold DNA
2) Protein Synthesis

Question 44

Internal Structures

• ____________
• ____________
• ____________

Answer 44

1) Nucleoid
2) Plasmids
3) Ribosomes

Question 45

Bacteria has ____________ chromosome

Answer 45

circular

Question 46

Bacteria has 70S Ribosomes

______ + _______ = 70S

We have 80S Ribosomes

_______ + _______= 80S

Answer 46

1) 50s, 30s
2) 60s, 40s