Bacteria and Archaea Cell Structures IV

Question 1

Nucleoid

• location of
• shape
• membrane
• proteins aid in

Answer 1

• location of chromosome (usually 1 per cell)
• irregular shape
• not membrane-bound
• DNA folding

Question 2

Prokaryotic chromosomes contain (single/double) stranded DNA that is usually (linear/circular) and must be compacted (#)-fold

Answer 2

Double
Circular
1000

Question 3

Plasmids are ___ DNA molecules that (are/are not) specific to prokaryotes and carry genes that (are/ are not) essential to the host and gives an advantage in certain ___

Answer 3

Extra-chromosomal
Are not
Are not
Environments

Question 4

RNA polymerase

Answer 4

copies DNA and makes RNA

Question 5

Sigma factors

Answer 5

helps RNA polymerase recognize certain genes to start transcription

Question 6

The U in DNA is replaced with ___ in RNA

Answer 6

T

Question 7

Ribosomes

• site of
• structure
• subunits are
• phylogenetic tree

Answer 7

• protein synthesis
• consists of many proteins and RNA (complex)
• subunits are huge
• determined by 16S and 18S

Question 8

Prokaryotic ribosomes are (smaller/larger) than eukaryotic ribosomes

Answer 8

smaller

70S (50+30) vs 80S (60+40)

Question 9

When a newly-synthesized polypeptide reaches a ___ it is released from the ribosome

Answer 9

stop codon

Question 10

A functionally competent ribosome is assembled in the correct place on a ___

Answer 10

mRNA

Question 11

___ is the process of elongation

Answer 11

Translation

Question 12

For elongation the correct amino acid is brought to the ribosome and is joined to the ___ chain, the entire assembly moves one position along the ___

Answer 12

Nascent polypeptide

mRNA

Question 13

Bacterial endospores

• structure
• withstands
• resistant to

Answer 13

• resistant dormant
• challenging environment (lack of nutrients)
• heat, UV, disinfectant, desiccation (extreme drying)