Bacteria and Archaea Cell Structures I

Question 1

Coccus

Answer 1

Round shape

Question 2

Bacillus

Answer 2

rod or cylinder shape

Question 3

Coccobacillus

Answer 3

short round rod

Question 4

Vibrio

Answer 4

curved rod

Question 5

Spirillum

Answer 5

rigid spiral shape

Question 6

Spirochete

Answer 6

flexible spiral shape

Question 7

Mycelium

Answer 7

network of long, multicellular filaments

Question 8

Pleomorphic

Answer 8

organisms that can assume multiple cell shapes

Question 9

The cell envelope includes:

Answer 9

the plasma membrane and any other structure outside of the plasma membrane
(cell wall, capsule, and slime layers)

Question 10

Which cell has no closed membrane around its nucleus?

Answer 10

Prokaryotic

Question 11

The plasma membrane is (single layered/ bilayered)

Answer 11

Bilayered

Question 12

What is the most important structure that protects a cell and what cells are they found in?

Answer 12

The plasmamembrane phospholipids

Bacteria and Eukarya cells

Question 13

Phospholipids contains ___ heads and ___ tails which makes them amphipathic

Answer 13

Polar, hyprodphilic heads

Nonpolar, hydrophobic tails

Question 14

Where will the head and tail of phospholipids align in an aqueous solution?

Answer 14

The head (hydrophilic) align toward the aqueous solution 
The tail (hydrophobic) minimize their contact with water, forming a vesicle

Question 15

What does the formation of micelles, liposomes, or lipid bilayers depends on?

Answer 15

The lipid concentration and the relative size of the head and tail

Question 16

Prokaryotic membranes differ from eukaryotes in that they lack what structure? They do contain what structure which functions similarly?

Answer 16

Sterols (4 rings)

Hopanoids (5 rings)

Question 17

What are three important functions of cholesterol?

Answer 17

1. Stabilize the membrane
2. Fluidity
3. Reduce passive permeability

Question 18

Archaeal membrane lipids are (straight/branched) chained and are connected to glycerol through (ester/ether) bonds

Answer 18

branched chained

ether

Question 19

Bacteria/eukaryote membrane lipids are (straight/branched) chain and are connected to glycerol through (ester/ether) bonds

Answer 19

straight chained

ester

Question 20

Some archaeal membranes have a (mon/bi)layer structure instead of a (mon/bi)layer structure

Answer 20

monolayer (still same head/tail orientation)

bilayer

Question 21

Some unique properties of archaeal membranes include:

More ___ and ___ structures which are more suitable for what types of microbes?

Answer 21

rigid and stable (especially monolayers)

thermophilic (can exist in high temperatures)

Question 22

Which type (eukaryote or prokaryote) do not carry out endocytosis or exocytosis?

Answer 22

Prokaryote

Question 23

What is the major pathway for transporting proteins across or into the plasma membrane in bacteria?

Answer 23

Sec-dependent pathway

Question 24

What are sec-dependent secreted proteins synthesized as? They are ___ terminal signal peptide and require a ___ to remain unfolded

Answer 24

preproteins
amino
chaperone protein

Question 25

What are the preproteins translocated through?

Answer 25

Plasma membrane

Question 26

Prokaryotic cells do everything in the which part of the cell? Why is this different from Eukaryotes?

Answer 26

Plasma membrane

Because they do respiration, lipid synthesis and protein secretion elsewhere