Bacteria Flashcards
Under what kingdom is bacteria classified as and why?
Monera, because bacteria is the smallest living organism.
What is the bacteria that is present in oxygen known as?
Aerobic bacteria.
What is the bacteria that lives in the absence of oxygen known as?
Anaerobic bacteria.
What does it mean for a bacterium to be pathogenic?
It means they cause diseases.
What bacterium causes the disease, cholera?
Vibrio cholerae.
What bacterium causes the disease, tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
What bacterium causes the disease, anthrax?
Bacillus anthracis.
What is the function of the cell membrane and cytoplasm in the bacteria?
Cell membrane - regulates movement of materials, contains enzymes that are important to cellular respiration.
Cytoplasm - contains DNA, ribosomes and essential compounds.
What is the function of the plasmid, capsule + slime layer and pilus in the bacteria?
Plasmid - this contains some genes obtained through recombination.
Capsule + slime layer - protects the cell and assists with attaching cells to other surfaces.
Pilus - assists the cell in attaching to other surfaces.
What does it mean for bacteria to be autotrophic?
It means they produce their own food via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
What does it mean to be heterotrophic?
There are 3 types:
.parasitic - they obtain/get their food from living organisms.
.saprophytic - they obtain/get food from dead organic material.
.mutualistic - obtain/get their food from a symbiotic relationship with another organism.
How/When does reproduction occur?
Asexually by binary fission.
Explain the producers in a food chain.
These are autotrophic bacteria which produces carbohydrates through photosynthesis. The energy that is stored in the carbohydrates are now made available for the next trophic level.
During decomposition, what is released and where is it released into?
Water, Carbon, Ammonia and heat energy is released into soil, water and air.
What is bacteria’s role in the Nitrogen cycle?
Decomposing bacteria releases ammonia, this ammonia is converted by nitrifying bacteria into nitrites and then into nitrates.
The ammonia is/can be absorbed by plants as it is a nitrogen source for them.
Ammonia and nitrates are then converted into nitrogen in the atmosphere by denitrifying bacteria.
