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Mirobiology > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

0
Q

Name the 4 ways bacteria can be classified?

A

Heterotroph get food from outside source
Autotroph make own food
Phototroph energy from sun
Chemotroph energy from chemical compounds

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1
Q

What are bacteria?

A 
Unicellular prokaryotic (don't have nucleus)
DNA floats in cytoplasm
Asexual reproduction binary fission
No mitochondria 
Rigid cell wall- peptidoglycan
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2
Q

What are saprobes?

A

Bacteria the feed on decaying material and organic waste

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3
Q

What is aerobic?

A

Bacteria require O2 to live

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4
Q

What is anaerobic ?

A

O2 is harmful to the bacteria

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5
Q

What does obligate mean when referring to aerobic or anaerobic bacteria?

A

Obligate aerobic must have O2 to survive

Obligate anaerobes will die if exposed to O2

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6
Q

What is a facultative anaerobes?

A

Perform either aerobic or anaerobic respiration but if O2 is present will prefer aerobic respiration. Eg. coliform

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7
Q

Name the 5 shapes of bacteria?

A 
Spherical (cocci)
Rod (bacilli)
Spiral (spirilla)
Comma (vibrios)
Corkscrew (spirochete )
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8
Q

What size are bacteria?

A

0.5-2 um

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9
Q

What is the cell wall of a bacteria made of?

A

Peptidoglycan- provides protection and prevents cells bursting in hypotonic solutions

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10
Q

What’s the function of capsule?

A

Keeps cell from drying out and prevent killing by WBC by phagocytosis.

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11
Q

There are 2 types of outer coating on bacteria, what are they?

A

Made of glycocalyx.

  1. Slime layer- loosely organised and attached
  2. Capsule-highly organised and tightly attached
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12
Q

How is nuclear material stored in bacteria?

A

As circular molecules of DNA or smaller plasmids containing non vital genes

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13
Q

What is a mesosome?

A

Used for basic cellular respiration.

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14
Q

How do we identify bacteria?

A

Gram staining
Gram+ stained purple as they have thick cell wall made of peptidoglycan(traps the stain)
Gram- thin cell walls with an outer membrane (Phospholipid). Stains pink after crystal violet washes off. Restain with safranin

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15
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary fission- main chromosome makes a copy of itself and divides into 2

16
Q

What are the 4 phases on the bacterial growth graph?

A

Lag phase
Exponential phase
Stationary phase
Death phase

17
Q

How do we measure bacterial growth?

A

Haemocytometer and diluting plate method.

18
Q

What is generation time?

A

(Log phase) time required for bacteria population to double.

19
Q

How is genetic material transferred in bacteria?

A

Conjugation - copy of DNA travels through tube into recipient where it’s incorporated into the recipients genome

20
Q

What’s an endo spore?

A

A thick celled structure that forms inside the cell
Major cause of food poisoning
Survive many years and withstand extremes
Encloses all nuclear material and some cytoplasm.

21
Q

Give an example of an endo spore forming bacteria?

A 
Most are bacillus
Bacillus subtilis highly resistant withstand radiation and high temp
Anthrax 
Botulism
Tetanus
22
Q

What is a communicable disease?

A

Passed from one organism to another by:
Touch
Air
Drinking water

23
Q

Give an example of harmful bacteria?

A

E. coli
Salmonella.
Staphylococcus aureus (menegitis, strep throat, TSS) cause of MRSA
Necrotising fascititis

24
Q

How do bacteria survive?

A

Parasites- feed on things
Saprophytes use dead material for food
Decomposers get food from breaking down dead matter into simple chemicals

25
Q

Give examples of helpful bacteria?

A 
Decomposers help recycle nutrients
Make antibiotic and insulin
Make industrial chemicals
Good bacteria in gut
Sewage breakdown and food production eg. Yoghurt cheese
26
Q

How can we control bacteria?

A

Canning
Pasturisation
Dehydration

27
Q

What is an antiseptic?

A

Chemicals that kill bacteria on living things eg. Iodine, hydrogen peroxide

28
Q

What are disinfectants?

A

Stronger chemicals that destroy bacteria on objects or non living things.

Mirobiology (8 decks)

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