Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

A microscopic membrane bound organism that lacks a nucleus

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2
Q

What are methanogens?

A

Prokaryotes that live in areas that lack oxygen. (Often found in cow intestines) they produce swamp gas.

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3
Q

What are thermoacidiphiles?

A

Prokaryotes that like really high temperatures and areas of high acidity. They are often found in thermal vents.

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4
Q

What are chemosynthesizers?

A

Prokaryotes that are found near deep ocean vents. They convert inorganic material into energy.

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5
Q

What are extreme halophiles?

A

Prokaryotes that live in extremely salty conditions.

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6
Q

What is the purpose of a prokaryote’s cell wall?

A

To maintain shape, protect, and prevent bursting.

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7
Q

Eubacteria contain what carbohydrate?

A

Peptidoglycan

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8
Q

What is the name of the process used to tell the difference between types of bacteria?

A

Gram staining

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9
Q

What are the 3 shapes of prokaryotes?

A

Coccus, bacilli, and spirilla

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10
Q

What is a photoautotroph?

A

A bacterium that is photosynthetic.

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11
Q

What is a Chemoautotroph?

A

A bacterium that obtains energy from inorganic compounds.

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12
Q

What is a photoheterotroph?

A

a bacterium that can photosynthesize and consume organic material.

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13
Q

What is a chemoheterotroph?

A

a bacterium that can consume organic material.

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14
Q

What is an Obligate aerobe?

A

an organism that uses oxygen for cellular respiration.

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15
Q

what is a Facultative anaerobe?

A

an organism that can use oxygen if available, but can also use fermentation.

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16
Q

What is an Obligate anaerobe?

A

An organism that oxygen is poisonous to.

17
Q

What is nitrogen metabolism?

A

when an organism fixes nitrogen gas into ammonia or ammonium.

18
Q

What is binary fission?

A

A form of asexual reproduction that produces two daughter cells, and where the chromosomes are copied and the cell divides.

19
Q

What is conjugation?

A

when cells use pili to exchange DNA through a protein bridge.

20
Q

What is transformation?

A

When bacteria pick up DNA from foreign bacterial cells.

21
Q

What is transduction?

A

When a virus is used to transport bacterial DNA from one cell to another.

22
Q

What are endospores?

A

spores that allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions. They can remain dormant for many years.