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Bacte myco Flashcards

1
Q

How are Mycobacteria best described?

A

Slender, slightly curved, non-motile bacilli

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2
Q

What component of the cell wall gives Mycobacteria their acid-fastness?

A

Mycolic acid

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3
Q

What is responsible for the acid-fast property of Mycobacteria?

A

Mycolic acid

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4
Q

What decolorizer do acid-fast bacilli resist?

A

Acid-alcohol

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5
Q

Which Mycobacterium species cannot be grown in vitro?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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6
Q

What organism causes tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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7
Q

Who discovered M. tuberculosis?

A

Robert Koch

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8
Q

What is the doubling time of M. tuberculosis?

A

15–24 hours

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9
Q

Pott’s disease affects which part of the body?

A

Spine

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10
Q

What is the mode of transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis?

A

Airborne droplets

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11
Q

Which medium shows ‘breadcrumb’ colonies of M. tuberculosis?

A

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

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12
Q

What enhances the growth of M. tuberculosis in culture?

A

Glycerol

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13
Q

What is the appearance of caseous necrosis?

A

Cheese-like

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14
Q

What does the tuberculin test identify?

A

Recent or past TB infection

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15
Q

What is PPD derived from?

A

Old tuberculin

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16
Q

Which method is used for the Mantoux test?

A

Intradermal injection

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17
Q

Which test uses cloth soaked in tuberculin?

A

Vollmer patch test

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18
Q

Which mucolytic agent is used in digestion-decontamination?

A

N-acetyl-L-cysteine

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19
Q

Which decontaminant is used for Pseudomonas contamination?

A

Oxalic acid

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20
Q

Which stain is used for detecting acid-fast bacilli?

A

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

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21
Q

What type of stain is the Kinyoun method?

A

Cold acid-fast stain

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22
Q

Which microscope is used for Auramine-rhodamine stain?

A

Fluorescence microscope

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23
Q

What atmospheric condition enhances M. tuberculosis growth?

A

5–10% CO₂

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24
Q

Which medium helps recover isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis?

A

Middlebrook 7H11

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25
Q

What is the function of malachite green in LJ medium?

A

Inhibits contaminants

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26
Q

Which medium is egg-based?

A

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

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27
Q

Which Mycobacterium is niacin positive?

A

M. tuberculosis

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28
Q

Which organism is negative for heat-stable catalase?

A

M. tuberculosis

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29
Q

Which test detects rapid growers via phenolphthalein production?

A

Arylsulfatase test

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30
Q

Which species is strongly positive for arylsulfatase?

A

M. fortuitum

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31
Q

BCG vaccine is derived from which species?

A

M. bovis

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32
Q

Which is NOT a first-line anti-TB drug?

A

Ciprofloxacin

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33
Q

MDR-TB is resistant to which drugs?

A

INH and rifampicin

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34
Q

Which symptom is characteristic of TB?

A

Hemoptysis

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35
Q

How is M. bovis transmitted to humans?

A

Ingestion of raw milk

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36
Q

Which test distinguishes M. bovis from M. tuberculosis?

A

Niacin test

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37
Q

Which animal is used to grow M. leprae experimentally?

A

Mouse footpad

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38
Q

Which form of leprosy is benign and non-progressive?

A

Tuberculoid

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39
Q

What does the lepromin test evaluate?

A

Type of leprosy

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40
Q

What is the early reaction in the lepromin test?

A

Fernandez reaction

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41
Q

Which stain is specific for M. leprae?

A

Wade-Fite stain

42
Q

What is the treatment of choice for leprosy?

43
Q

Which disease is caused by M. ulcerans?

A

Buruli ulcer

44
Q

Runyon Group I includes which type of Mycobacteria?

A

Photochromogens

45
Q

To which group does M. kansasii belong?

A

Runyon Group I

46
Q

Which Mycobacterium is the ‘yellow bacillus’?

A

M. kansasii

47
Q

What type of Mycobacteria are in Runyon Group II?

A

Scotochromogens

48
Q

What is the common name of M. gordonae?

A

Tap water bacillus

49
Q

Which group includes rapid growers?

A

Runyon Group IV

50
Q

Which rapid grower grows without CV on MAC?

A

M. fortuitum

51
Q

M. intracellulare belongs to which complex?

A

M. avium-intracellulare complex

52
Q

Which medium supports isoniazid-resistant MTB?

A

Middlebrook 7H11

53
Q

Which dye is inhibitory in LJ medium?

A

Malachite green

54
Q

Which Mycobacterium grows at 52°C?

A

M. thermoresistible

55
Q

What technique solidifies egg-based media?

A

Insipisation

56
Q

Which medium is for sterile site specimens?

A

Middlebrook 7H9

57
Q

What method measures catalase activity in Mycobacteria?

A

Semi-quantitative bubble column test

58
Q

Which Mycobacterium is catalase negative?

A

M. tuberculosis

59
Q

Which Runyon group is non-pigmented?

60
Q

Dubos medium contains which component?

A

Oleic acid and albumin

61
Q

Which Mycobacterium causes swimming pool granuloma?

A

M. marinum

62
Q

Which organism forms ‘bird’s nest’ colonies?

63
Q

What is the ‘radish bacillus’?

A

M. terrae-triviale complex

64
Q

What is the most sensitive stain for AFB?

A

Auramine-rhodamine

65
Q

What color indicates positive Tween 80 hydrolysis?

66
Q

What % NaCl tests Mycobacterium salt tolerance?

67
Q

Which medium is recommended for the niacin test?

68
Q

What liquefies sputum in digestion procedures?

A

N-acetyl-L-cysteine

69
Q

What reagent is used in the niacin test?

A

Aniline dye + cyanogen bromide

70
Q

What is used to digest Pseudomonas-contaminated specimens?

A

Oxalic acid

71
Q

Which is NOT a symptom of TB?

72
Q

Which social group is most affected by TB?

73
Q

Where do latent TB bacteria reside?

A

Calcified lesions

74
Q

Which leprosy type has many bacilli?

A

Lepromatous

75
Q

What helps Mycobacteria evade immune response?

A

Intracellular growth

76
Q

What confirms Mycobacterium species?

77
Q

What medium detects growth of rapid growers?

78
Q

Which medium is used for large volume bone marrow?

A

Middlebrook 7H13

79
Q

What color indicates positive arylsulfatase test?

80
Q

What is the arrangement of M. leprae in smears?

A

Parallel ‘cigar packets’

81
Q

Which species is urease positive and biochemically inert?

A

M. africanum

82
Q

When are cultures reported negative?

A

After 8 weeks

83
Q

What does 1–9 AFB/10 fields indicate in CDC reporting?

84
Q

What is used in semi-quantitative catalase testing?

A

30% H₂O₂

85
Q

Which is a second-line anti-TB drug?

A

Cycloserine

86
Q

Which test differentiates M. bovis and M. tuberculosis?

A

TCH susceptibility

87
Q

What does a positive Mitsuda reaction indicate?

A

Resistance to leprosy

88
Q

What differentiates M. leprae from others?

A

Phenolase from skin nodules

89
Q

Which test uses multiple punctures on the skin?

A

Tuberculin tine test

90
Q

What type of Mycobacteria grow in <7 days?

A

Rapid growers

91
Q

What is the oxygen requirement of Mycobacteria?

A

Obligate aerobes

92
Q

Runyon classification is based on?

A

Pigment production and growth rate

93
Q

Which Mycobacterium causes cervical lymphadenitis?

A

M. scrofulaceum

94
Q

Where is M. simiae commonly found?

95
Q

Which organism causes false positives in sputum?

A

M. gordonae

96
Q

What colony morphology is described as ‘breadcrumb’?

A

M. tuberculosis

97
Q

Which species is nitrate negative?

98
Q

Which test is used for pyrazinamidase activity?

99
Q

What helps prevent leprosy?

A

BCG and Dapsone

100
Q

How is M. smegmatis classified?

A

Rapid grower

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