BACTE HISTORY

Question 1

– 1st True microbiologist

Answer 1

Anton Van Leuuwonhoek

Question 2

FATHER of Protozoology/ Bacteriology + observe/describe mx accurately

Answer 2

Anton Van Leuuwonhoek

Question 3

— discovered animalcules

Answer 3

Anton Van Leuuwonhoek

Question 4

— self-made single lens microscope w/ 50-300x magnification.

Answer 4

Anton Van Leuuwonhoek

Question 5

They suggested that disease was caused by “Invisible living creature“

Answer 5

Roman Philosopher Lucretius/ Girolamo Fracastoro

Question 6

Earliest microscopic observations on bees & weevils, supplied by Galileo.

Answer 6

Francisco Stelluti

Question 7

Life arose from non-living matter

Answer 7

Spontaneous generation

Question 8

proposed that simpler vertebrates can arise in spontaneous generation.

Answer 8

Aristotle

Question 9

maggots do not arise spontaneously from decaying meat

Answer 9

Francesco Redi

Question 10

— boiled mutton broth eventually became cloudy with Mx after pouring it into a flask and sealed tightly

Answer 10

John Needham

Question 11

— organic matter possessed a “vital force“ that could give rise to life.

Answer 11

John Needham

Question 12

protects the broth so there’s no growth.

Answer 12

Sealed

Question 13

Boiled the sealed glass flasks that contained water and seeds → remained clear, spontaneous growth

Answer 13

Lazarro Spallanzani

Question 14

challenged the spontaneous generation with the concept of “BIOGENESIS“

Answer 14

Rudolf Virchow

Question 15

— dust carry germs which contaminates sterile broth

Answer 15

John Tyndall

Question 16

–- Invented “Tyndallization” : sterilization form for 3 consecutive days

Answer 16

John Tyndall

Question 17

steam as moist heat for a certain temperature for sterilization.

Answer 17

John Tyndall

Question 18

— Importance of O2 to life.

Answer 18

Antoine Laurent Lavoiser

Question 19

—no growth occurred in a flask containing nutrient solution after allowing air to pass through a red-hot tube.

Answer 19

Theodore Schwann

Question 20

— no growth occurred after allowing air to pass through sterile cotton wool placed in a flask of heat-sterilized medium.

Answer 20

Goerg Friedrich Schrodder/
Theodore Von Dusch

Question 21

observed that upon application of heat, there will be no presence of growth in bacteria → heat = killing & sterilizing agent.

Answer 21

George Friedrich Schrodder/ Theodore Von Dusch

Question 22

— resolved the issue of spontaneous generation

Answer 22

Louis Pasteur

Question 23

— Mx are present in the air → air itself does not create microbes

Answer 23

Louis Pasteur

Question 24

— microbial life can be destroyed by heat [basis of the aseptic technique].

Answer 24

Louis pasteur

Question 25

LOUIS PASTEUR — microorganisms can be present in non-living matter -__________ — evidence that microorganisms cannot Xoriginate from nonliving materials’ _________

Answer 25

fomites mystical forces

Question 26

— yeast cells → responsible for the conversion of sugars to alcohol, - Air is present

Answer 26

Theodore Schwann

Question 27

Theodore Schwann proposed that fermentation → not due to Mx but to a ________.

Answer 27

chemical instability that converted sugars to alcohol

Question 28

–- “yeast” converts sugar to alcohol in the absence of air (fermentation)

Answer 28

Louis Pasteur

Question 29

–- In the presence of air, bacteria change the alcohol in the beverage into ___________.

Answer 29

Louis Pacteur vinegar [acetic acid]

Question 30

- Created a porcelain bacterial filter [1884] and developed Anthrax vaccine together with Pasteur.

Answer 30

Charles Chamberland

Question 31

Mx might cause the disease

Answer 31

THE GERM THEORY OF DISEASE

Question 32

— study of antisepsis and develop the antiseptic system of surgery

Answer 32

Joseph Lister

Question 33

- Surgery main contribution: phenol as a type of wound sterilizer or an aseptic technique in the wound.

Answer 33

Joseph Lister

Question 34

__________________ -- FIRST proof that bacteria indeed cause diseases — _____________, causative agent of Anthrax — _____________, the causative agent of Tuberculosis

Answer 34

Robert koch Bacillus Anthracis Mycobacterium Tubercolusis

Question 35

— FIRST to culture bacteria on [4]

Answer 35

boiled potatoes gelatin used meat extracts protein digests

Question 36

— CULTURE MEDIA for observing growth of bacteria isolated from body.

Answer 36

Robert Koch

Question 37

KOCH’S POSTULATES: 1. Mx: [+] _______ but [-] ___________. 2. Suspected Mx must be [action] + grown in a __________. 3. [Same/Different disease] must result when the isolated microorganisms is inoculated into healthy host and from the diseased host.

Answer 37

disease healthy organisms pure culture same disease

Question 38

Whose postulates are these? 1. Mx: [+] disease but [-] healthy organisms. 2. Suspected Mx must be isolated + grown in a pure culture. 3. Same disease must result when the isolated microorganisms is inoculated into healthy host and from the diseased host.

Answer 38

Robert Koch

Question 39

COLLABORATION OF KOCH: 1. _____________: use of agar as a solidifying agent 2. Richard Petri - developed the petri dish [plate] 3. Martinus Beijernick / Sergie Winogradsky - developed the enrichment-culture technique and the use of selective media.

Answer 39

1. Fannie Eilshemius Hesse 2. Richard petri 3. Martinus Beijernick/ Sergie Winogradsky

Question 40

— Experimented: Small pox prevention. — collected scrapings from cowpox blisters and inoculated a healthy volunteer w/ the cowpox material by scratching the person’s arm w/ a pox-contaminated needle.

Answer 40

Edward Jenner

Question 41

Pasteur: term “vaccine” - attenuated culture [Latin: “vacca” – cow] - for culture of avirulent Mx use for preventive inoculation

Answer 41

Louis Pasteur

Question 42

Pasteur and _______: Attenuated strains of bacteria.

Answer 42

Pierre Paul Emil Roax

Question 43

- antitoxins for diphtheria and tetanus.

Answer 43

Emil Von Behring

Question 44

salvarsan [arsphenamine] for treatment of syphilis.

Answer 44

Paul Ehrlich

Question 45

PENICILLIN [Penicillium notatum] -______________ Accidentally discovered it. - _____________ its purification process

Answer 45

Alexander Fleming Howard Florey/Ernst Chain

Question 46

An Ilonggo physician discovered the antibiotic erythromycin in soils samples he obtained but never got the credit and compensation he truly deserved.

Answer 46

Dr. Abelardo B. Aguilar

Question 47

Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, physician who formalised binomial nomenclature

Answer 47

Carl Linnaeus

Question 48

Carl Linnaeus other name

Answer 48

Carl von Linne

Question 49

– FATHER OF MODERN TAXONOMY

Answer 49

Carl Linnaeus

Question 50

People under spontaneous generation

Answer 50

Aristotle Francisco Redi John Needham Lazara Spallanzani

Question 51

People under Biogenesis

Answer 51

John Tyndall Theodore Schwann George Friedrich Schrodder/ Theodore Von Dusch Louis Pasteur

Question 52

People under Fermentation/Pasteurization

Answer 52

Theodore Schwann Louis Pasteur Charles Chamberland

Question 53

People under Germ Theory of Disease

Answer 53

Joseph Lister Robert koch +Fannie Eilshemius Hesse + Richard Petri + Martinus Beijernick/ Segie Winogradsky