BACTE HISTORY Flashcards
– 1st True microbiologist
Anton Van Leuuwonhoek
FATHER of Protozoology/ Bacteriology + observe/describe mx accurately
Anton Van Leuuwonhoek
— discovered animalcules
Anton Van Leuuwonhoek
— self-made single lens microscope w/ 50-300x magnification.
Anton Van Leuuwonhoek
They suggested that disease was caused by “Invisible living creature“
Roman Philosopher Lucretius/ Girolamo Fracastoro
Earliest microscopic observations on bees & weevils, supplied by Galileo.
Francisco Stelluti
Life arose from non-living matter
Spontaneous generation
proposed that simpler vertebrates can arise in spontaneous generation.
Aristotle
maggots do not arise spontaneously from decaying meat
Francesco Redi
— boiled mutton broth eventually became cloudy with Mx after pouring it into a flask and sealed tightly
John Needham
— organic matter possessed a “vital force“ that could give rise to life.
John Needham
protects the broth so there’s no growth.
Sealed
Boiled the sealed glass flasks that contained water and seeds → remained clear, spontaneous growth
Lazarro Spallanzani
challenged the spontaneous generation with the concept of “BIOGENESIS“
Rudolf Virchow
— dust carry germs which contaminates sterile broth
John Tyndall
–- Invented “Tyndallization” : sterilization form for 3 consecutive days
John Tyndall
steam as moist heat for a certain temperature for sterilization.
John Tyndall
— Importance of O2 to life.
Antoine Laurent Lavoiser
—no growth occurred in a flask containing nutrient solution after allowing air to pass through a red-hot tube.
Theodore Schwann
— no growth occurred after allowing air to pass through sterile cotton wool placed in a flask of heat-sterilized medium.
Goerg Friedrich Schrodder/
Theodore Von Dusch
observed that upon application of heat, there will be no presence of growth in bacteria → heat = killing & sterilizing agent.
George Friedrich Schrodder/ Theodore Von Dusch
— resolved the issue of spontaneous generation
Louis Pasteur
— Mx are present in the air → air itself does not create microbes
Louis Pasteur
— microbial life can be destroyed by heat [basis of the aseptic technique].
Louis pasteur
LOUIS PASTEUR
— microorganisms can be present in non-living matter -__________
— evidence that microorganisms cannot Xoriginate from nonliving materials’ _________
fomites
mystical forces
— yeast cells → responsible for the conversion of sugars to alcohol,
- Air is present
Theodore Schwann
Theodore Schwann
proposed that fermentation → not due to Mx but to a ________.
chemical instability that converted sugars to alcohol
–- “yeast” converts sugar to alcohol in the absence of air (fermentation)
Louis Pasteur
–- In the presence of air, bacteria change the alcohol in the beverage into ___________.
Louis Pacteur
vinegar [acetic acid]
- Created a porcelain bacterial filter [1884] and developed Anthrax vaccine together with Pasteur.
Charles Chamberland
Mx might cause the disease
THE GERM THEORY OF DISEASE
— study of antisepsis and develop the antiseptic system of surgery
Joseph Lister
- Surgery main contribution: phenol as a type of wound sterilizer or an aseptic technique in the wound.
Joseph Lister
__________________
– FIRST proof that bacteria indeed cause diseases
— _____________, causative agent of Anthrax
— _____________, the causative agent of Tuberculosis
Robert koch
Bacillus Anthracis
Mycobacterium Tubercolusis
— FIRST to culture bacteria on [4]
boiled potatoes
gelatin
used meat extracts
protein digests
— CULTURE MEDIA for observing growth of bacteria isolated from body.
Robert Koch
KOCH’S POSTULATES:
1. Mx: [+] _______ but [-] ___________.
2. Suspected Mx must be [action] + grown in a __________.
3. [Same/Different disease] must result when the isolated microorganisms is inoculated into healthy host and from the diseased host.
disease
healthy organisms
pure culture
same disease
Whose postulates are these?
- Mx: [+] disease but [-] healthy organisms.
- Suspected Mx must be isolated + grown in a pure culture.
- Same disease must result when the isolated microorganisms is inoculated into healthy host and from the diseased host.
Robert Koch
COLLABORATION OF KOCH:
1. _____________: use of agar as a solidifying agent
2. Richard Petri - developed the petri dish [plate]
3. Martinus Beijernick / Sergie Winogradsky - developed the enrichment-culture technique and the use of selective media.
- Fannie Eilshemius Hesse
- Richard petri
- Martinus Beijernick/ Sergie Winogradsky
— Experimented: Small pox prevention.
— collected scrapings from cowpox blisters and inoculated a healthy volunteer w/ the cowpox material by scratching the person’s arm w/ a pox-contaminated needle.
Edward Jenner
Pasteur: term “vaccine”
- attenuated culture [Latin: “vacca” – cow]
- for culture of avirulent Mx use for preventive inoculation
Louis Pasteur
Pasteur and _______: Attenuated strains of bacteria.
Pierre Paul Emil Roax
- antitoxins for diphtheria and tetanus.
Emil Von Behring
salvarsan [arsphenamine] for treatment of syphilis.
Paul Ehrlich
PENICILLIN [Penicillium notatum]
-______________
Accidentally discovered it.
- _____________
its purification process
Alexander Fleming
Howard Florey/Ernst Chain
An Ilonggo physician discovered the antibiotic erythromycin in soils samples he obtained but never got the credit and compensation he truly deserved.
Dr. Abelardo B. Aguilar
Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, physician who formalised binomial nomenclature
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus other name
Carl von Linne
– FATHER OF MODERN TAXONOMY
Carl Linnaeus
People under spontaneous generation
Aristotle
Francisco Redi
John Needham
Lazara Spallanzani
People under Biogenesis
John Tyndall
Theodore Schwann
George Friedrich Schrodder/ Theodore Von Dusch
Louis Pasteur
People under Fermentation/Pasteurization
Theodore Schwann
Louis Pasteur
Charles Chamberland
People under Germ Theory of Disease
Joseph Lister
Robert koch
+Fannie Eilshemius Hesse
+ Richard Petri
+ Martinus Beijernick/ Segie Winogradsky
