Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology spot test > Background 3 > Flashcards

Background 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what makes up the upper respiratory tract

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what makes up the lower respiratory tract

A

trachea, primary bronchi, lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

list some acute upper respiratory tract infections

A

rhinitis, pharyngitis/tonsillitis and laryngitis - or the common cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how long is the onset of symptoms for URTIs

A

1-3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how long do URTIs tend to last

A

7-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can pharyngitis/tonsillitis (strep throat) be caused by - where theres a sudden onset, fever, etc

A

beta haemolytic streptococcus group a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what symptoms dont present with strep throat

A

a runny nose, voice changes or cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in unvaccinated patients what are some pathogens for URTIs?

A

bordetella pertussis or corynebacterium diphtheriae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does bordetella pertussis cause

A

whooping cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does corynebacterium diphtheriae cause

A

diphtheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is a throat swab collected

A

sterile swap up and down the back of throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

once in the lab what is done with the throat swab

A

plated on blood agar, disc with antimicrobial agent (bacitracin) placed on surface of agar, incubate overnight @ 37

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

if the organisms causing diptheria are suspected where is the throat swab placed and for how long?

A

media containing tellurite, incubated in air for 48 hours at 37 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

if whooping cough is suspected as the URTI, what type of swab is taken

A

pernasal swab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where is a pernasal swab placed

A

on media containing charcoal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how long is a pernasal swab placed on charcoal and with what

A

it is incubated for 3-5 days in humid co2 at 37 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

after incubation of a URTI bacteria, the blood plate is observed for

A

beta haemolytic colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which type of bacteria is sensitive to bacitracin and doesnt grow close to the paper disc

A

streptococcus pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

normal throat flora includes other haemolytic organisms but these are not sensitive to

A

bacitracin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the possible URTI bacteria can be serogrouped using

A

Lancefield streptococcal grouping kit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If a beta haemolytic streptocccus group a is isolated the clinicial is informed due to

A

potentially hazardous seleque and infectiousness of the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what can beta haemolytic streptococcus group a result in

A

rheumatic fever, glomerulonepheritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is diphtheria characterised by

A

sore throat, low fever, adherent membrane (pseudomembrane) on tonsils, pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what can a pseudomembrane do

A

form across the airway and cause obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what causes diptheria

A

coynebacterium diphtheriae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

is a vaccination available for diphtheria?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what type of bacteria is corynebacterium diphtheria

A

short gram positive rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

the toxin from corynebacterium diphtheria is detected using what type of test?

A

elek test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

for lower respiratory tract infections what is the best sample to use

A

sputum

30
Q

what are sputum samples placed on due to potential contamination with normal flora or upper resp

A

blood agar, choc agar, indicator agar and sabourauds agar

31
Q

specimens for the isolation of mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria are inoculated on which type of media

A

lowenstein jensen media

32
Q

why are sputum samples diluted prior to routine culture or decontaminated prior to mycobacterial culture

A

because they are usually contaminated with normal resp tract flora

33
Q

a sputum culture is mixed with what to digest the mucins in the specimens thus making it a homogeneous suspension

A

sputalysin

34
Q

where is digested sputum placed

A

onto various agars

35
Q

what type of disc is placed on chocolate agar with the sputum

A

optochin disc

36
Q

the plates are exmamined the next day and what is picked off for appropriate biochemical and sensitivity testing

A

potential pathogens

37
Q

what is an aid to the presumptive identification of streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

optochin

38
Q

why is optochin a presumtpive identification for streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

s. pneumonia is sensitive to optochin and therefore has a zone of inhibition around the disc

39
Q

what colour is streptococcus pneumoniae on blood agar or chocolate agar

A

it is green alpha haemolytic

40
Q

is streptococcus pneumoniae gram pos or gram neg

A

gram pos

41
Q

describe the morphology of streptococcus pneumoniae

A

it is diplococci

42
Q

is streptococcus pneumoniae sensitive to optochin

A

yes

43
Q

what colour is haemophilus influenzae on chocolate agar

A

grey colonies with a distinctive smell

44
Q

does haemophilus influenzae grow on blood agar

A

no fam

45
Q

is haemophilus influenzae oxidase pos or oxidase neg

A

slowly oxidase pos

46
Q

what is haemophilus influenzae dependent upon

A

x and v dependent on x and v factors plate

47
Q

what is legionella caused by

A

legionella pneumophila

48
Q

how is legionella transmitted

A

by contaminated water from shower heads and air conditioning units

49
Q

how many types of influenza virus are there

A

three virus a , b and c

50
Q

what does influenza virus a cause

A

epidemic type

51
Q

what does influenza type b cause

A

a miler disease usually in the winter

52
Q

what does influenza type c cause

A

nothing, unlikely to be a human pathogen

53
Q

what does the influenza virus envelope contain that can be used to type infleuzna

A

neuraminidase and haemagglutinin

54
Q

how is influenza transmitted

A

through respiratory secretions

55
Q

is vaccination possible with influenza

A

yes

56
Q

the influenza vaccine contains inactivated virus from

A

two currently circulating strains of influenza a and a strain of influenza b

57
Q

the influenza vaccine is a short lived vaccine and does not cover

A

all strains of influenza a

58
Q

pre processing of sputum for mycobacterial culture involves decontaminating it with

A

sodium hydroxide and then buffered in distilled water

59
Q

the solution for mycobacterial sputum cultures is centrigued at

A

300rpm for 30 minutes

60
Q

what are the two main methods for culturing mycobacteria

A

culture on solid media - lowenstein jensen slopes, culture in liquid - similar to blood culture

61
Q

what is the mycobacterial culture stained with once heat fixed

A

ziehl neelson (cold)

62
Q

after 4-10 weeks of incubation of mycobacterial culture it becomes

A

positive

63
Q

what is the growth of mycobacterial stained with to ensure it is acid alcohol fast?

A

ziehl neelson

64
Q

a few weeks after the mycobacterial positive result what happens

A

sensitivity pattern and final identification of the species is confirmed

65
Q

what is tuberculosis caused by

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

66
Q

what do symptoms of tuberculosis include

A

night sweats and coughing blood (haemoptysis)

67
Q

what is the treatment for tuberculosis

A

multiple drug therapy for up to 12 months

68
Q

why does mycobacterium tuberculosis not stain using gram stain

A

has a waxy cell wall

69
Q

describe mycobacterium tubercolusos

A

acid alcohol fast rods

70
Q

mycobacterium is slow growing, how long does it take

A

6-10 weeks

71
Q

what specialist media is mycobacterium tuberculosis grown on

A

lowenstein-jensen

Microbiology spot test (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions