Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy T1 > Back & Vertebra > Flashcards

Back & Vertebra Flashcards

1
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

Connects the lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Connects the exterior of vertebral bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Connects the interior of vertebral bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Supraspinous ligament

A

Connect the exterior spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Interspinous ligament

A

Connects in between spinous processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What plane is movement permitted in for cervical vertebra?

A

Transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What plane is movement permitted in for thoracic vertebra?

A

Frontal (coronal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What plane is movement permitted in for Lumbar vertebra?

A

Sagittal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What movements occur in cervical vertebra?

A

Flexion, extension, rotation, lateral flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What movements occur in thoracic vertebra?

A

lateral flexion and rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What movements occur in lumbar vertebra?

A

Flexion and extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What movement are the posterior vertebral muscles responsible for?

A

Extension of spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What movement are the anterior vertebral muscles and side muscles responsible for?

A

Flexion of spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is bilateral flexion and example?

A

Two muscles contracting simultaneously for singular movement - anterior muscle and side muscle for flexion of spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is unilateral flexion and example?

A

One muscle contracting for movement - side muscles contracting for rotation and lateral flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do the erector spine muscles lie?

A

Posteriorly to vertebral transverse and spinous processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Main anterior muscle in neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Main anterior muscles of abdominal wall?

A

Transverse/rectus abdominus and internal/external obliques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens when flexor and extensors muscles of the trunk contract simultaneously and what bodily functions are facilitated by this?

A

Increase intra-abdominal pressure

  • Coughing
  • Vomiting
  • Excretions (faeces)
  • Child birth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the vertebral level of the vertebra prominens?

A

C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the vertebral level of the spine of scapula?

A

T3

22
Q

What is the vertebral level of the inferior angle of scapula?

A

T7

23
Q

What is the vertebral level of the iliac crest

A

L4

24
Q

What is the vertebral level of the medial part of spine of scapula?

A

T3

25
Q

What is the vertebral level of he posterior iliac spine

A

S2

26
Q

What important structure are located at level T4?

A
  • Sternomanubrial joint
  • Arch of the aorta
  • Bifurcation of the trachea (split)
27
Q

Between what levels is a lumbar puncture performed on in adults and why?

A

L3/4 so that the spinal cord is not punctured

28
Q

Between what levels is a lumbar puncture performed on in children and why?

A

L4/5 so that the spinal cord is not punctured

29
Q

Why does the flexion at lumbar spine aid access of needle for a lumbar puncture between L3/4?

A

Increase interspinous space - spread spinous processes apart

30
Q

What does the lateral horn contain?

A

Cell bodies of sympathetic neurones

31
Q

What levels is the lateral horn present and what is their outflow?

A
  • T1-L2/3 - thoracolumbar/sympathetic

- S2-4 - sacral/parasympathetic

32
Q

What allows pivot movement at atlantoaxial joint and what type of joint is this?

A

Odontoid process of axis

Synovial pivot

33
Q

What type of joint is the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

Synovial ellipsoid

34
Q

Purpose and structure of intervertebral discs

A

Shock absorption (weight bearing compresses disc)

  • Nucleus pulposus - central with HWC
  • Annulus fibrosis - layers of fibrocartilage
35
Q

Effect of slipped disc and how does it occur?

A

Nucleus pulposus protrudes through annulus fibrosis POSTEROLATERALLY and compresses in to an emerging spinal nerve

36
Q

What level are the conus medullar is and caudal equine?

A

Con. med. ends at spinal cord (L1/2 adults L3/4 children)

37
Q

Where does CSF lie?

A

Pia and arachnoid (subarachnoid space)

38
Q

Space between dura and arachnoid

A

Subdural space

39
Q

Where do the dura and arachnoid end?

A

Dural sac at S3

40
Q

Where does the Pia at?

A

Filum terminale at Ccg1

41
Q

Why are there enlargements at cervical and lumbar regions?

A

Due to grey matter surrounding brachial plexus (C5-T1) and lumbosacral plexus (L1-S4)

42
Q

Describe sympathetic outflow from spinal cord

A
  1. Exit out of the lateral horn through the ventral root
  2. Enter white ramus - become white rams communicans to sympathetic ganglion in sympathetic chain
  3. Synapse to grey ramus communicans and reenter spinal nerve and distribute between dorsal and ventral rami
43
Q

Outline 3 pathway for sympathetic fibres

A
  • Synpase at same spinal level
  • Run up and down symp. chain and synapse at different level
  • Run through chain but synapse at a prevertebral ganglion (splanchnich nerves)
44
Q

What levels do sympathetic nerves emerge from spinal cord at and why can they go above and below the levels?

A

T1-L2 - due to sympathetic chain

45
Q

Describe innervation by abdominal viscera

A

Abdominal spanchnic nerves - emerge from anteromedially pass through the symp. chain but synapse at pre-aortic (prevertebral) ganglia

T5-L2

Stomach, liver, intestine etc

46
Q

Describe innervation by thoracic viscera

A

The thoracic sympathetic nerves (T1-4) synapse in the symp. chain but do not return to ventral ramus, they go to the autonomic nerve plexus (cardiopulmonary plexus)

Supply heart, lungs etc

47
Q

Describe sensory fibres in the ANS

A

General sensory impulses from organs run with parasympathetic fibres

Pain impulses from organs run with sympathetic fibres

Enter dorsal root and synapse in dorsal root ganglion and then onto later horn cells - then up spinal cord to brain

48
Q

Outline outflow of parasypathetic fibres

A

S2-4 - come out of lateral horns of distal end of conus medullaris and descend in the cauda equina

Run through inferior hypogastric plexus (sym. and para. mix) to synapse in parasympathetic ganglion close or within organ

49
Q

Pelvic parasympathetic splanchnic nerves

A

S2-4 parasympathetic nerves to pelvic viscera to supply pelvic and lower abdominal organs

Run through inferior hypogastric plexus to synapse in parasympathetic ganglion close or within organ

50
Q

What is the inferior hypogastric plexus?

A

On each side of rectum and is a mixed autonomic plexus

Anatomy T1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions