Back And Vertebral Column

Question 1

Veins are valveless along the _____

Answer 1

Axial skeleton

Question 2

Superficial Back Musculature:

Function:

Answer 2

1. Trapezius m.
2. Latissimus dorsi m.
3. Rhomboid major m.
4. Rhomboid minor m.
5. Levator scapulae m.

Anchor UL to axial skeleton

Question 3

Trapezius
A:

N:

Answer 3

Elevates, depresses, retracts scapula

Accessory n. (CN XI) and C3, C4, and transverse cervical vessels

Question 4

Latissimus Dorsi
A:

N:

Answer 4

Adducts, extends, and medially rotates humerus

Thoracodorsal nerve and vessels, intercostal vessels

Question 5

Levator Scapulae
A:

N:

Answer 5

Elevates scapula

C3, C4, and dorsal scapular nerve and vessels

Question 6

Rhomboid major/minor
A:

N:

Answer 6

Retract (adducts) and elevates scapula

Dorsal scapular nerve and vessels

Question 7

Intermediate Back Musculature:

Function:

Answer 7

1. Serratus Posterior Superior
2. Serratus Posterior Inferior

Assist in respiration

Question 8

Deep Back Musculature:

Function

Answer 8

1. Erector Spinae:
   -Iliocostalis
   -Longissimus
   -Spinalis
   (I Love Spaghetti- Lat->Med)
2. Splenius
3. Semispinalis
4. Suboccipital

Maintain posture; act on vertebral column (raise and lower spine)

Question 9

Splenius Capitus m. and Cervicis m. (Spinotransversales mm.)
A:

N:

Answer 9

Bilaterally- extend neck (draw head back)
Individually- rotate head ipsilaterally (same side; R turns R)

Posterior rami of middle and lower cervical nn.

Question 10

Semispinalis capitis, cervicis, and thoracis (transversospinalis mm.)
A:

Answer 10

Bilaterally: extend vertebral column
Individually: rotate trunk contralaterally (R turns L) (*capitis- rotates head ipsilaterally)

Question 11

Erector Spinae mm.
A:

N:

Answer 11

Erect spine (postural mm.), primary extensions of spine and head

Dorsal rami of spinal nn and lumbar and intercostal vessels

Question 12

Multifidus m.
A:

N:

Answer 12

Laterally flexes and rotates spine

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves and lumbar vessels

Question 13

Rotatores m.
A:

N:

Answer 13

Rotate spine (and bilaterally extend vertebral column)

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves and intercostal vessels

Question 14

Innervation:
Superficial back mm.

Intermediate back mm.

Deep back mm.

Answer 14

Sup- ventral rami (due to embyrological migration from ventrum)

Int- ventral rami (same)

Deep- dorsal rami

Question 15

Serratus Anterior m.
A:

N:

Answer 15

Protracts scapula and holds it to body wall

Long thoracic nerve and lateral thoracic vessels

Question 16

Triangle of Auscultation boundaries:

Answer 16

Superior- Trapezius m.
Inferior- Latissimus dorsi m.
Lateral- Rhomboid major m.
Deep- 6th intercostal space (between 6th and 7th ribs)

Question 17

Lumbar Triangle boundaries:

Answer 17

Medial- Latissimus dorsi m.
Lateral- External oblique m.
Inferior- Iliac crest
Deep- internal oblique m.