Back and Neck Flashcards
trapezius
O: nuchal line, external occipital protuberence, nuchal ligament, and SP C7-T12
I: clavical, acromion, and spine of scapula
N: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
A: elevate and upward rotation of scapula, retraction, and depress and upward rotation of scapula
Latissimus Dorsi
O: SP of T6-T12, iliac crest and last 3-4 ribs
I: humus @ intertubercular groove
N: thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)
A: extend, adduction and IR humerus; raise body towards arms (ex: pull up)
Levator Scapulae
O: TP C1-C4
I: medial superior border of scapula
N: dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical nerves (C3-C4)
A: elevate scapula; downward rotation of scapula
Rhomboids
O: SP of C7-T1 and nuchal ligament; SP T2-5
I: medial border of scapula
N: dorsal scapular (C4-C5)
A: retraction and downward rotation of scapula
Serratus Anterior
O: ribs 1-8
I: anterior surface of scapula
N: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
A: protracts scapula; upward rotation (helps trap)
Serratus Posterior Superior
O: SP C7-T3; nuchal ligament
I: ribs 2-4
N: intercostal nerves 2-5
A: elevate ribs; proprioception
Serratus Posterior Inferior
O: SP T11-L2
I: ribs 8-12
N: ventral rami of T9-12
A: depresses ribs; proprioception
Splenius
O: SP C7-T4
I: “capitus” - mastoid process and nuchal line of occipital bone; “cervicus” - TP of C1-C3/4
N: dorsal rami
A: unilateral - SB and rotate head to same side; bilateral - extend head and neck
Erector Spinae - iliocostalis
O: iliac crest/sacrum/SI ligaments, sacral/lumbar SP
I: lumborum, thoracic and cervicis - fibers run superiorly to angles of lower ribs and cervical TPs
N: dorsal rami
A: unilateral - SB; bilateral - extention
Erector Spinae - longissimus
O: iliac crest/sacrum/SI ligaments, sacral/lumbar SP
I: thoracis, cervicis, and capitis - fibers run superior to ribs between tubercles and angles, to TPs in thoracic and cervical regions and to mastoid process
N; dorsal rami
A: unilateral - SB; bilateral - extension
Erector Spinae - spinalis
O: iliac crest/sacrum/SI ligaments, sacral/lumbar SP
I: thoracic, cervicis, and capitis - fibers run superiorly to SP in upper thoracic region and to skull
N: dorsal rami
A: unilateral - SB; bilateral - extension
Transversospinalis - SemiSpinalis
O: TPs of C4-T12
I: thoracis, cervicis, and capitis - fibers run superomedially to occiptal bone and SP in thoracic and cervical regions (spanning 4-6 segments)
N: dorsal rami
A: extension; contralateral rotation
Transversospinalis - Multifidus
O: sacrum, PSIS, erector spinae, SI ligaments, TP of T1-T3 and articular processes of C4-C7
I: fibers superomedially to SP of vertebra above - spanning 2-4 segments
N: dorsal rami
A: stabilization
Transversospinalis - Rotatores
O: TP of vertebrae (mostly in thoracic)
I: superomedially 1-2 segments to attach to lamina and SP
N: dorsal rami
A: stabilization and assist with local extension and rotary movement; proprioception
Interspinales
O: SP of cervical and lumbar
I: SP of vertebra superior to vertebra of origin
N: dorsal rami
A: extension and rotation
Intertransversarii
O: TP of cervical and lumbar
I: TP of adjacent vertebrae
N: dorsal and VENTRAL rami
A: unilateral - SB; bilateral - stabilization
Levator Costarum
O: TP of C7-T11
I: ribs
N: dorsal rami
A: elevate ribs; assist with inspiration; SB
Suboccipital - Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor
O: CI posterior tubercle
I: inferior nuchal line
N: suboccipital nerve (C1)
A: extension, rotation to same side
Suboccipital - Rectus Capitus Posterior Major
O: SP of C2
I: inferior nuchal line
N: suboccipital nerve (C1)
A: extension, rotation to same side
Suboccipital - Obliquus Capitus Inferior
O: SP of C2
I: TP of C1
N: suboccipital nerve (C1)
A: extension, rotation to same side
Suboccipital - Obliquus Capitus Superior
O: TP of C1
I: between superior and inferior nuchal lines
N: suboccipital nerve (C1)
A: extension, SB to same side
Platysma
O: mandible, skin and sub tissue of face
I: fascia of pect major and deltoid
N: facial nerve (CN VII)
A: draws skin superior with clinched teeth; draws corners of mouth inferiorly
Sternocleidomastoid
O: sternal - manubrium; clavicle
I: mastoid process and superior nuchal line
N: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
A: unilateral - SB to same side; rotation to opposite side; bilateral - flex neck
Anterior Scalene
O: TP C3-C6
I: 1st rib
N: ventral rami
A: SB neck, elevates rib during inspiration
Middle Scalene
O: TP of C5-C7
I: 1st rib
N: ventral rami
A: SB neck, elevates ribs during inspiration
Posterior Scalene
O: TP of C5-C7
I: 2nd rib
N: ventral rami
A: SB neck; elevates ribs during inspiration
Suprahyoid - Digastric
O: anterior - mandible; posterior - mastoid notch
I: hyoid body and greater horn
N: anterior - CN V (mandibular branch); posterior - CN VII facial nerve
A: depresses mandible; elevates hyoid during swallowing
Suprahyoid - Stylohyoid
O: styloid process on temporal bone
I: hyoid body
N: CN VII facial nerve
A: elevates and retracts hyoid
Suprahyoid - Mylohyoid
O: mandible
I: hyoid body
N: CN V mandibular branch
A: elevates hyoid
Suprahyoid - Geniohyoid
O: mandible
I: hyoid body
N: hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
A: pulls hyoid anterior/superiorly; widens pharynx
Infrahyoid - Omohyoid
O: scapula (suprascapular notch)
I: hyoid
N: ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
A: depresses and retracts hyoid bone
Infrahyoid - Sternohyoid
O: manubrium of sternum and head of clavicle
I: hyoid
N: ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
A: depresses hyoid after elevation
Infrahyoid - Sternothyroid
O: manubrium
I: thyroid cartilage
N: ansa cervicalis (C2-C3)
A: depresses hyoid and larynx
Infrahyoid - thyrohyoid
O: thyroid cartilage
I: hyoid
N: CI by hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Longus Capitis
O: occipital bone
I: TP C3-C6
N: C1-C3 ventral rami
A: flex head
Longus Colli
O: C1 anterior tubercle, C1-C3 bodies, C3-C6 TPs
I: C5-T3 bodies, C3-C5 TPs
N: C2-C6 ventral rami
A: flex neck; rotation to opposite side
Rectus Capitis Anterior
O: occiput
I: C1 anterior of lateral mass
N: C1 and C2 ventral rami
A: flex head
Rectus Capitis Lateralis
O: occipital bone - jugular process
I: C1 TP
N: C1 and C2 ventral rami
A: flex head
