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Question 1

Where does the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments attach?

Answer 1

Anterior- anterior surface of bodies and intervertebral discs of vertebral column

Posterior- anterior wall of vertebral canal and posterior wall of vertebral bodies

Question 2

What is the ligamentum flavum and where does it attach?

Answer 2

Multiple elastic ligaments attach to laminae of opposing vertebrae

Question 3

What is the ligamentum Nuchae and where does it attach?

Answer 3

Elastic yellow ligament attaches to spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae and external occipital protuberance

Question 4

Muscles of superficial layer?

Answer 4

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major and minor, Levator scapulae

Rhomboid muscles and Levator scapulae located deeper to trapezius

Question 5

Intermediate muscles

Answer 5

Serratus posterior superior deep to rhomboid muscles inferior deep to latissimus dorsi serve as a respiratory function

Question 6

Deep muscles

Answer 6

Erector spinae and transversospinalis (most deep) lie between spinous processes

Question 7

Bony structure palpable at C7?

Answer 7

Vertebra prominens

Question 8

Palpable structures between the bulges of erector spinae?

Answer 8

Thoracic spinous processes

Question 9

What is the sacral triangle?

Answer 9

Flat triangular area overlying sacrum superior angles at posterior superior iliac spines inferior angle at S3

Question 10

Where does the spinal cord begin and terminate?

Answer 10

Begins at medulla oblongata in the brain and terminates at conus medullaris L1/L2

Question 11

What is the cauda equina?

Answer 11

Collection of nerve rootlets that extend from conus medullaris inferior lulu to S2

Question 12

What is the blood supply of the spinal cord?

Answer 12

Anterior spinal artery: single origin in cranium courses along anterior median fissure

Posterior spinal arteries: multiple origin in cranial cavity from terminal branch of vertebral arteries

Question 13

Name the meninx attached to the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots extends into each intervertebral foramen?

Answer 13

Pia mater

Question 14

What is the filum terminale?

Answer 14

Thin central fibrous strand of Pia mater that extends from the conus medullaris of the spinal cord to the coccyx

Question 15

Denticulate ligaments

Answer 15

Elongated band that extends from the foramen magnum to L1 with 21 tooth like structures of Pia mater

Question 16

What surrounds the spinal nerve roots and bodies?

Answer 16

Dura and arachnoid mater

Question 17

What layer contains CSF, spinal cord vessels?

Answer 17

Subarachnoid space

Question 18

Name the structures contained in the caudal sac?

Answer 18

Cauda equina, filum terminale and CSF terminates at S2 Durack/thecal sac is the whole spinal cord

Question 19

What is the lumbar cistern?

Answer 19

Most dilated portion of subarachnoid space in lumbar region

Question 20

What are the structures contained in the cervical vertebral canal?

Answer 20

Posterior longitudinal ligament
Epidural space
Dura mater
Subdural space
Arachnoid
Subarachnoid space
Spinal blood vessels
Pia mater

Question 21

Contents of intervertebral foramen?

Answer 21

Posterior root of spinal nerve
Dorsal root ganglion
Anterior root of spinal nerve
Meninges
Peridicular recess
Body of spinal nerve
Rami of spinal nerve

Question 22

What is a herniated disc?

Answer 22

When there is a rupture or tear in the annulus fibrosis which allows the contents of the nucleus polpsus to leak out in a posterior lateral direction