Back Flashcards
C7 Landmark
It is the most prominent vertebrae. It sticks out the most.
T1-T2 Landmark
This is about where the superior angle of the scapula is
T7 Landmark
This is about where the inferior angle of the scapula is
L4 Landmark
This is about there the iliac crest is located.
Extrinsic Muscles
They are the superficial and intermediate groups. They are involved with movements of the upper limbs and thoracic wall respectively and are innervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves.
Intrinsic Muscles
Also called “true muscles”. These are the deep group. They support and move the vertebral column and participate in moving the head, and are innervated by the posterior rami of spinal nerves.
1) Superficial Layer: Splenius
2) Intermediate Layer: Erector Spinae
3) Deep Layer: semispinatus, multifidus, and rotatores
Superficial Extrinsic Muscles
Layer 1: Trapezius and Latissimus Dorsi
Layer 2: Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, Levator Scapulae
Intermediate Extrinsic Muscles
Serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior.
Erector Spinae Divisions
1) iliocostalis
2) Longissimus
3) Spinalis
9 Vertebrae Features
1) Body: the weight-bearing portion of a vertebra that tends to increase in size as one descends the spine
2) Vertebral Arch
3) Articular Processes (facets): two superior and two inferior facets for articulation with adjacent vertebrae
4) Intervertebral Foramen (foramina): the opening formed by the vertebral notches that is transversed by spinal roots and associated vessels
5) Lamina (laminae): paired portions of the vertebral arch that connect the transverse processes to the spinous process
6) Pedicle: part of the vertebral arch that attach the transverse processes to the body
7) Transverse processes: Lateral extensions from the union of the pedicle and lamina
8) spinous process: a projection that extends posteriorly by union of two laminae
9) vertebral foramen (canal): A foramen formed from the vertebral arch and body that contains the spinal cord and its meningeal coverings.
Cervical Vertebrae Features
There are 7 total cervical vertebrae and they are characterized by their small size and their transverse foramen.
A typical cervical vertebra has a short, kidney-shaped body, short bifid spinous process, trough-shaped transverse process, and transverse foramen
Atlas=C1 and no body or spinous process!
Axis=C2 and has dens
Atlas, C1
No body or spinous process.
Axis, C2
It has a Dens or the vertebral body of atlas attached to it. Also has a bifid spinous process.
Atlanto-occipital joint
Yes-Yes Joint. Allows for extension and flexion or nodding.
Atlanto-axial joint
No-No Joint. It allows for rotation.
