Bacillus Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the two most important bacillus:

A

1) Bacillus anthracis

2) Bacillus cereus

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2
Q

Where does bacillus anthracis come from?

A

Animals - Zoonosis - but humans canbe infected with the spores.

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3
Q

Bacillus anthracis looks:

A

big, nonmotile and spore forming.

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4
Q

bacillus anthracis pathogenesis:

A

two major toxins:
1) poly-D-glutamic acid capsule - inhibits phagocytosis

2) The toxin complex comprising three proteins: the protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF).
- Forms two pathogens: Oedema toxin (PA + EF) and lethal toxin (PA + LF)
- PA forms pore and LF or EF enters.
- Does different things when in cell. LF causes buld up of IL-1beta which when released causes shock and death.
- can happen basically anywhere and can also cause meningitis

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5
Q

LF

A

metalloprotease -inhibits MAPKK that causes IL-1 build up and TNF-alpha secretion

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6
Q

EF

A

Adenylate cyclase - makes cAMP disturbs processes.

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7
Q

Name the three anthrax clinical manifestations:

A

1) Cutaneous (skin)
2) Gastrointestinal
3) Inhalation

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8
Q

Cutaneous anthrax:

A

spore gets on skin - causes gradually more and more necrosis (wound gets bigger)

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9
Q

Inhalation anthrax:

A

dose about 25.000-55.000 - causes bleeding from multiplication of bacteria in macrophages in lungs and becomes systemic.

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10
Q

GI anthrax:

A

When you eat spores.

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11
Q

Injection anthrax

A

Heroin addicts and there are spores in the heroin.

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12
Q

Lab investigations:

A

swab cutanous (take some fluid - has higher yield.) Gram stain - big gram positive rods. PCR.

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13
Q

Treatment:

A
Skin = penicillin
Inhalation = ciproflaxcin
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14
Q

Bacillus cereus:

A

Looks like B. anthracis but is motile, has no capsule and beta-haemolytic.

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15
Q

Bacillus cereus infection

A

Usually from environment - produces toxins - very common in rice and other chinese foods - causes immediate vomitting (within 6 hours) and later diarrhea (6-24 hours)

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