Baby - Micro Flashcards by John Nacino

Chain of infection

6 components

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Shaeffer-Fulton stain

Used for Spores

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Acridine orange

Stains Nucleic Acids

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Fungal elements with acridine orange

Fluoresce green

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Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB)

Used for subcultures
Contains soybean and casein
Uses sodium chloride for osmotic stability
contains glucose as fermentable CHO
contains dipotassium phosphate as buffer

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Thioglycollate broth

Casein, soy broth, glucose

supports growth of anaerobes, aerobes, microaerophilic and fastidious organisms

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Thioglycollate broth boiled for 10 minutes

To drive off oxygen

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Todd-Hewitt broth

Selection and enrichment for S. agalactiae in female genital specimens

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MacConkey agar

Most frequently used primary selective and differential agar; Contains crystal violet dye to inhibit g(+) bacteria and fungi

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Culture media sterilization

Autoclave sterilization, membrane filtration

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Methods that directly measure antimicrobial activity

in board exams 1,2,3

Broth dilution, agar dilution, disk diffusion

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Incubation for disk diffusion method

Incubation is at 35°C in air but increased CO2 is used when testing certain fastidious bacteria; incubation time may be increased beyond 16 hours to enhance detection of certain resistance patterns

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CLSI performance standard for antimicrobial disk susceptibility

Susceptible, intermediate and resistant, definitions same as those for dilution methods

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Automated antimicrobial susceptibility test systems

Vitek
WalkAway system
Pheonix system

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Advance Expert System (AES) software (in VITEK)

A category interpretation is assigned, and organisms antimicrobial resistance patterns are reported

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_______ is an antimicrobial agent and is not an antibiotic because it is not produced by a microorganism

Sulfanilamide

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Methods for testing production of beta-lactamase

Chromogenic cephalosphorin method
Acidometric method
Iodometric method

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Positive for the beta-lactamase chromogenic cephalosporin method

Color change

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Half a dose of antibiotic to disappear from the blood

Half-life

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Acid-fast stained smear

1000x magnification (OIO is 100x while the ocular has 10x magnification) for 300 fields

AFB is red
Background is blue or blue-green

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Grade A milk

Bacterial count 75,000 per mL when raw and will not exceed 15,000 bacteria per mL once pasteurized

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Milk borne disease for human

B. anthracis

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Milk borne disease for cow

S. typhi

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SPS, 0.025%

Anticoagulant for microbiology

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Heparin

Commonly used especially for viral cultures

Type of filter that can give 100% sterility

Millipore (0.22um)

Capsule can be used for

Serotyping by swelling

Staphylococcal protein A

Coagulation

DNase positive

S. aureus

DNase negative

S. epidermidis

Positive control for acetamide test

P. aeruginosa

Positive control for acetate test

E. coli

Incubation for acetamide, acetate test

35°C for up to 7 days

Positive malonate test

Blue

Negative malonate test

Green, yellow

Diagnosis is based on patient history

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) Naegleria fowleri

Added to MAC to inhibit g+ fungi

Crystal violet

MR and VP result for Enterobacteriaceae

Opposite

Most common pathogen in throat cultures

Group A Streptococcus

Destroyed by oxygen

Streptolysin O

Bacitracin, 0.04 units

Taxo A, S. pyogenes sensitive

G+ cocci, S to Bacitracin, R to SXT

S. pyogenes

Optochin

Sensitive, zone of inhibition 14 mm or greater

PPNG

Penicillinase-producing gonococci

Inhibitor in Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA)

Bile salt, brilliant green

Approproate specimen for culturing N. gonorrhoeae

Eyes, rectum, oral cavity

Preferred medium for isolation of Brodetella pertussis

Charcoal-perplexin

Nasopharyngeal swab

*ans. board exams is AOTA H. influenza, N. meningitides, B. pertussis, MRSA

Clear medium for mycobacteria

Middlebrook 7H11

Selective media suitable for isolation of C. dipthariae

Tinsdale's, CTBA

Confirm laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria

Demonstrate toxin production

Final diagnosis of diphtheria is made from

Virulence test

Woolsorter's disease

B. antracis

Confirm laboratory diagnosis of tetanus

Demonstrate toxin production

Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis and diarrhea

C. difficile

Patientes in the intensive care unit (ICU) who are mechanically ventilated may quickly become colonized with:

P. aeruginosa

Fungi should be incubated

25 to 30°C

Fungal culture be held before reporting as negative

30 days

Temperature for fungi is 30°C, and the suggested incubation time is:

21 days

Candida albincans produces

Blastosphores, chlamydosphores and psedohyphae

Cornmeal agar plus Tween 8- is used to identify Candida albicans through the organisms production of

Chlamydospores

Candida albicans in sterile serum

Germ tube

Macroconidia that are large, multicellular and club-shapred with smooth walls

Epidermophyton floccosum

Farmer's lungs; Aflatoxin

Aspergillus

Stain in Aman's medium

Lactophenol cotton blue

Storage of viral specimen

4°C

Transport of viral specimen (several days)

-70°C

Difference of enterovirus from rhinovirus "EAR"

Enterovirus is acid resistant | Rhinovirus is acid sensitive

Specimen collected from a patient with

Stool, throat swab and CSF

Specimen collected from a patient with influenza

Throat swab

Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome (SARS)

RT-PCR, cell culture using the Vero-E6 cell line (CPE: rapid cell rounding, refractivity and detachment)

First intermediate host of flukes

Snail

Second intermediate host of flukes

Crabs, crayfish

Echinostoma ilocanum egg

straw-colored, operculated and ovoid.

Non-operculated egg with small lateral spine

S. japonicum

Non-operculated egg with lateral spine

S. mansoni

Non-operculated egg with terminal spine

S. haematobium

Schistosomal egg recovered in rectal biopsy

S. mansoni, S. japonicum

Schistosomule

Cercaria minus tail

Characterized by an undulating membrane

Trichomonas, Trypanosoma

Vector for African sleeping sickness

Tsetse fly, Glossina sp.

Definitive host of Plasmodium sp.

Anopheles mosquito

Gay bowel syndrome

G. lamblia

Unholy 3/ triad of infection (HAT)

Hookworm, Ascaris, Trichuris

Nematode with parasite with heart to lung migration (ASH)

Ascaris, Strongyloides, Hookworms

Ascaris egg lacking its mammillated coat

Decorticated

First stage larva of intestinal nematodes

Rhabditiform larva

Hermaphroditic

Flukes, tapeworms

First intermediate host of D. latum

copepods

Second intermediate host of D. latum

Fresh water fish

Taenia saginata scolex

4 cuplike suckers, No rostellum

Taenia solium scolex

4 cuplike suckers, armed rostellum

Tree-like, dichotomous uterine branches: 15-20

T. saginata

Finger-like, dendritic branches: 7-12

T. solium

Hexacanth embryo in a radially striated shell

Taenia

Hexacanth embryo that lacks polar filaments

H. diminuta

Stain for Naegleria and Acanthamoeba

H & E, Wright's

Trophozoites what color with iodine

Iodine destroys trophozoites, nigggaaaahhh

Cytoplasm for protozoan cysts in iodine

Yellow-brown

Chromotoidal bodies of protozoan cysts in iodine

Do not stain, niggaaaaahhh

Trophozoite structures with trichrome stain

Glycogen: colorless Nucleus: red-purple Charcot-Leyden crystals: bright red

Chromatoid bodies with trichrome stain

Bright to red

Preservative in trichrome staining

Polyvinyl alcohol

Entamoeba polecki nucleus

One nucleus

Trophozoite with achromatic granules surrounding its karyosomal chromatin

Iodamoeba butschlii

Granulomatous encephalitis

Acanthamoeba

Mistaken for cysts of amoeba

Blastocystis hominis

Found within the reticuloendothelial cells

Leishamania donovani, Histoplasma and Toxoplasma

90% cases of malaria

P. vivax and P. falciparum

Definitive host to Plasmodium

Female Anopheles mosquito

Synchronized rupture of RBC's every 72 hours

Plasmodium malariae

Parasite associated with AIDS

Cryptosporidium

Preferred blood specimen for blood smear for protozoa

Finger puncture

To detect stipplings, prepare blood fimls

30 min to 1 hour after being drawn

Direct fecal smear, 2 mg stool

0.85% NaCL (NSS)

Kato-thick smear

Cellophane paper soaked in mixture of glycerine and malachite green solution

Definitive diagnosis

Demonstration of the parasite

Presumptive evidence of infection only

Detection of immune response

Basic knowledge of the biology of parasite

Proper procedure can be determined

Study of parasite life cycle

Determines frequency and timing of specimen collection

For quality control when monitoring reagents, how often should reagent disks be checked

When container is first opened and once each week of use

How often should catalase, oxidase and coagulase reagents be tested

Once each day of use and when vial is first opened

Record temperatures of incubators, water baths, heating blocks, refrigerators, freezers and thermometers

At each time of use, at the beginning of each day and at the end of each day

Check the face velocity of safety cabinets each

Month

Settings of RPMS marked on the face of the rheostat control on the centrifuge should be checked once every:

Month

Free chlorine in water sample of swimming pool

Neutralized with sodium thiosulfate

Commonly transmitted in water

Salmonella,. Shigella and Vibrio

Not commonly transmitted in water

Pasteurella

Bacteriological examination of water

Total plate count | MPN* Most probable number

Milk-borne Diseases

Bovine origin or Diseased human handlers