B9 The Endocrine System Flashcards
What kind of glands secrete hormones?
Endocrine glands
Why is the pituitary gland referred to as the ‘master gland’?
It releases hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands.
List 3 differences between nervous responses and hormonal responses:
- Nervous responses travel faster
- Hormonal responses are longer lasting
- Nervous impulses act on a more precise region
List 2 processes that remove glucose from the blood:
- Cell metabolism
- Vigorous exercise
List 3 ways of controlling Type 1 diabetes:
- Insulin therapy
- Limit simple carbohydrates
- Regular exercise
How does insulin control blood sugar levels?
It triggers the uptake of glucose into muscle and liver cells, which convert it to the storage molecule glycogen.
How do the kidneys make urine?
By extracting waste products from your blood by filtering them out
What substances are removed from the body in urine?
Urea, excess ions and water
How is water lost from the body? (excluding urine)
Sweat and exhalation
Why may you produce less urine on a hot day?
To preserve water as some may be lost through sweat
Why is it important to control the ion content in the blood?
Having an unbalanced ion content could affect the way water is drawn into cells via osmosis, affecting their functions.
What is the process of converting excess amino acids called and where does this take place?
Deamination- in the liver
What products and by-products are formed during deamination?
Fats, carbohydrates and ammonia
What is ammonia converted to in the body?
Urea
What is the role of antidiuretic hormone?
It acts on the kidney tubule cells, making them more permeable, thus changing the amount of water that is absorbed.
