B9: Respiration

Question 1

What is respiration?

Answer 1

The release of energy from glucose

Question 2

What is mitochondria?

Answer 2

The site of respiration

Question 3

What is the main source of energy for humans?

Answer 3

Carbohydrates

Question 4

What is the word equation for Respiration?

Answer 4

Glucose + Oxygen —> Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water Vapour

Question 5

What is the chemical equation for respiration?

Answer 5

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 6

What is the difference between respiration and breathing?

Answer 6

• Respiration releases energy from glucose in the mitochondria
• Breathing allows the exchange of gases at the alveoli of the lungs

Question 7

Why does our body need oxygen?

Answer 7

• Movement
• Muscle contractions
• Active transport
• Control of body temperature (37*C)
• Metabolism (e.g. Reactions)
• Growth

Question 8

What type of reaction is respiration?

Answer 8

EXOthermic

-Energy is released when the reaction occurs

Question 9

How is the mitochondria adapted for respiration?

Answer 9

-Inner membrane is highly folded
>Mitochondria’s surface area is increased to allow fast rate of respiration
-Produces a lot of specific enzymes (which are coded for by mitochondrial DNA) which are required for respiration

Question 10

What is the energy released from respiration?

Answer 10

ATP

Question 11

What are the two types of respiration?

Answer 11

• Aerobic respiration

- Anaerobic respiration

Question 12

What are the features of Aerobic Respiration?

Answer 12

• Requires oxygen
• COMPLETE breakdown of glucose molecules
• 38 ATP molecules are released
• occurs in mitochondria during moderate activity levels e.g. walking

Question 13

What are the features of Anaerobic Respiration?

Answer 13

• Doesn’t require oxygen
• INCOMPLETE breakdown of glucose molecules
• 2 ATP molecules are released
• Occurs in cytoplasm during vigorous activity e.g. sprinting

Question 14

What is the equation for ANAEROBIC respiration?

Answer 14

Glucose —> Lactic Acid + energy (ATP)

Question 15

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 15

The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after (anaerobic) exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells.

Question 16

What is the equation for oxygen debt repayment?

Answer 16

Lactic Acid + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water

Question 17

How is oxygen debt repaid?

Answer 17

Rapid and deep breathing is needed after intense exercise to repay oxygen debt.

Question 18

How is lactic acid removed from muscles?

Answer 18

• Oxygen reacts with lactic acid converts it into carbon dioxide and water vapour
• Blood flowing through the muscles transports the lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose

Question 19

What affects the rate of respiration?

Answer 19

• The reaction is controlled by enzymes
• The reaction is affected by changes in temperature (up to 40*C, denatured afterwards)
• The reaction is affected by change in pH level

Question 20

How can the rate of reaction be measured?

Answer 20

• Increased oxygen consumption

- Increased carbon dioxide production

Question 21

What is respiration in yeast cells called?

Answer 21

Fermentation

This process has economic importance in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks

Question 22

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast cells?

Answer 22

Glucose —> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide