B9: Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
The release of energy from glucose
What is mitochondria?
The site of respiration
What is the main source of energy for humans?
Carbohydrates
What is the word equation for Respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen —> Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water Vapour
What is the chemical equation for respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O
What is the difference between respiration and breathing?
- Respiration releases energy from glucose in the mitochondria
- Breathing allows the exchange of gases at the alveoli of the lungs
Why does our body need oxygen?
- Movement
- Muscle contractions
- Active transport
- Control of body temperature (37*C)
- Metabolism (e.g. Reactions)
- Growth
What type of reaction is respiration?
EXOthermic
-Energy is released when the reaction occurs
How is the mitochondria adapted for respiration?
-Inner membrane is highly folded
>Mitochondria’s surface area is increased to allow fast rate of respiration
-Produces a lot of specific enzymes (which are coded for by mitochondrial DNA) which are required for respiration
What is the energy released from respiration?
ATP
What are the two types of respiration?
- Aerobic respiration
- Anaerobic respiration
What are the features of Aerobic Respiration?
- Requires oxygen
- COMPLETE breakdown of glucose molecules
- 38 ATP molecules are released
- occurs in mitochondria during moderate activity levels e.g. walking
What are the features of Anaerobic Respiration?
- Doesn’t require oxygen
- INCOMPLETE breakdown of glucose molecules
- 2 ATP molecules are released
- Occurs in cytoplasm during vigorous activity e.g. sprinting
What is the equation for ANAEROBIC respiration?
Glucose —> Lactic Acid + energy (ATP)
What is oxygen debt?
The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after (anaerobic) exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells.
What is the equation for oxygen debt repayment?
Lactic Acid + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water
How is oxygen debt repaid?
Rapid and deep breathing is needed after intense exercise to repay oxygen debt.
How is lactic acid removed from muscles?
- Oxygen reacts with lactic acid converts it into carbon dioxide and water vapour
- Blood flowing through the muscles transports the lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose
What affects the rate of respiration?
- The reaction is controlled by enzymes
- The reaction is affected by changes in temperature (up to 40*C, denatured afterwards)
- The reaction is affected by change in pH level
How can the rate of reaction be measured?
- Increased oxygen consumption
- Increased carbon dioxide production
What is respiration in yeast cells called?
Fermentation
This process has economic importance in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast cells?
Glucose —> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
